W-OH固化剂对土壤水渗漏及硝态氮淋失的影响  

Effects of W-OH stabilizer on soil water percolation and nitrate nitrogen leaching

作　　者：张冠华[1] 胡甲均[2] ZHANG Guan-hua1, HU Jia-jun2(1. Soil and Water Conservation Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Research Center on Mountain Torrent ＆ Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Hubei Wuhan 430010;2. Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Hubei Wuhan 43001)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水土保持研究所,水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [2]水利部长江水利委员会,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第3期168-174,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：水利部技术示范项目(SF-201601); 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC050530302;2017YFC0505304); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费重点项目(CKSF2017050/TB;CKSF2017028/TB); 国家自然科学基金项目(41301298)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验结合天然降雨观测,研究了不同W-OH喷施浓度(1%、3%和5%)对作物(大豆、玉米和大蒜)地土壤水渗漏及硝态氮淋失的影响。结果表明:本试验条件下W-OH的保水作用受降雨量和作物类型影响;小雨和中雨条件下,玉米地土壤水渗漏量随W-OH施用浓度的增加呈先减小后增加,浓度为3%的处理渗漏量最低,保水效益明显;当降雨量达大雨及以上级别时,W-OH的保水作用与其喷施浓度成正比;W-OH对大豆和大蒜地的保水作用不受降雨量的影响,且其对二者土壤水渗漏量的影响规律相似,与对照(不喷施WOH)相比,各处理水分渗漏量随W-OH浓度增加而增加。在作物生长初期,W-OH的保肥作用与其施用浓度成正比,经历后续降雨渗流多次淋溶,保肥作用趋于稳定;玉米和大蒜地喷施中、高浓度(3%和5%)的WOH即可减少硝态氮淋失量,大豆地1%浓度的W-OH即可减少硝态氮淋失。Combing with natural rainfall observation, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different W-OHconcentration （1%, 3% and 5%） on soil water percolation and nitrate nitrogen leaching in cropland （soybean, maize, andgarlic）. The results showed that both precipitation and crop type had influences on water retention of W-OH. For light andmoderate rain, 3% treatment had the lowest leakage in maize pots showing the most significant water retention effect. Forheavy rain and rainstorm, the water retention effect of W-OH was directly proportional to its spraying concentration. The waterretention effect of W-OH in soybean and garlic pots was not affected by precipitation, and the influence law of soil water leakageby W-OH was similar. Compared with CK （without W-OH）, water leakage increased with W-OH concentration increasing.The fertilizer retention effect of W-OH was proportional to its spraying concentration at the initial stage of crop growth and tendedto be stable with subsequent rainfall leaching. During the observation period, both 3% and 5% treatments effectively reducedthe nitrate leaching loss for maize and garlic pots, 1% treatment also effectively reduced nitrate leaching loss for soybean pots.

关 键 词：土壤固化剂W-OH 水分渗漏 硝态氮 养分淋失 紫色土坡耕地 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] S152.72[农业科学—农业基础科学]