亚当·斯密的国防和军队建设思想及其当代启示  

Adam Smith’s Thought on National Defense and Military Construction and the Contemporary Enlightenment

作　　者：王启亮[1,2] Wang Qiliang

机构地区：[1]武警政治学院党建工作系 [2]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《军事政治学研究》2015年第2期52-59,共8页Military Politics Review

摘　　要：亚当·斯密不仅是一位著名的经济学家,他对军队和国防问题的论述在其整个学术思想体系中也占有重要地位。斯密认为,国防问题归根到底是一个国家的财政能力的问题,是一个商业社会之间的力量平衡的问题。社会分工和战争技术的进步是军队职业化的发动机。文明国家要想保全自己的国土和财富,必须编制常备军。唯此,才能抵抗其他已经编制了常备军的国家,从而保卫自己。确保军队忠诚可靠的关键在于通过教育提升军人的理性能力,从而形成正确的利益观。Adam Smith, a famous economist, elaborated the issues on military and national defense,which played an important part in his academic thought system. Smith argued that the national defense is after all an issue of national financial ability and a balance of power in the commercial society. Social division of labor and progress of war technology are the engine for military professionalism. The civilized country has to maintain a standing army to defend its homeland and fortune. Only in this way is it able to defend itself by fighting against the countries equipped with standing army. The key to guarantee the loyalty of the army is to improve the servicemen＇ s rationale ability by education and form the right outlook on value.

关 键 词：亚当·斯密 国防和军队建设 常备军 军队职业化 

分 类 号：F091.33[经济管理—政治经济学]