城居与防守:战争状态下民众避祸逃生的一个侧面——以同治西北战争为例  

Living and Defending in the City: One Aspect of the Refugees in Wartime,Taking the North-west War in the Tongzhi Reign Period as an Example

作　　者：路伟东[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国历史地理研究中心

出　　处：《城市史研究》2018年第1期170-184,共15页Urban History Research

基　　金：复旦大学亚洲研究中心2017年度课题研究类项目“清代西北回族人口与回族经济”;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基金重大项目“中国地方行政制度学变与区域社会的发展”(16JJD770012)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：同治西北战争期间，大批民众从乡村聚落迁移到城堡之中避祸逃生。本文从微观的视角出发，复原了战时民众在城内的粮需、饮水、住房等生活场景，梳理了城堡攻防的过程和饷银、武器等影响城防的因素。逃难人口集居城堡为防御提供了一定的有生力量，但也造成了资源的紧张；防守严密的城堡看似安全，实际上却是极危险的处所；战时大量城堡被攻破，是造成同治西北人口严重损失的主要原因之一。During the north-west war in the Tongzhi reign period,lots of people moved from villages to city fortresses as war refugees. This paper described how did these refugees acquire their food,water and settlements in the city. The paper also restored the process of attack and defense around the fortresses and examined funds and weapons as factors that affected the defense. It is believed that refugees provided certain effective strength to guard the fortresses but added intense to the limited resources at the same time. The well-guarded fortresses,seemed to be ideal sanctuary,were actually rather dangerous. The falling of numerous fortresses were one of main reasons that caused sharp decrease in north-west population during the Tongzhi reign period.

关 键 词：同治 西北战争 城堡防守 集居避难 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]