北江鱼类群落结构多样性及其演替趋势  

Fish Community Structure Diversity and Succession in the Beijiang River

作　　者：高天扬 谢迪 彭宁东 张少平 李潮 罗锦桢 王春晖 赵俊 GAO Tian-yang;XIE Di;PENG Ning-dong;ZHANG Shao-ping;LI Chao;LUO Jin-zhen;WANG Chun-hui;ZHAO Jun(Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture of Guangdong Province,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-friendly Aquaculture,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring,School of Life Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学生命科学学院广东省水产健康安全养殖重点实验室广东省优质环保水产养殖工程技术研究中心广州市亚热带生物多样性与环境生物监测重点实验室

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2018年第4期54-62,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303048)

摘　　要：为了解北江鱼类群落结构状况,结合1981-1983年北江鱼类调查数据分析其演替趋势,于2014-2016年对北江5个采样点进行逐月的鱼类资源调查,共采集鱼类86种,隶属于11目25科64属。其中鲤形目49种,鲈形目14种;鲇形目10种,鲱形目4种。其余脂鲤目、颌针鱼目、鳉形目、合鳃目、鲑形目、鲻形目以及鳗鲡目种数均少于5种。北江鱼类群落以定居性、杂食性种类为主。与历史数据相比,鱼类种类减少,洄游性、半洄游性鱼类所占比例下降,定居性、杂食性鱼类所占比上升,鱼类群落组成偏向小型化、低龄化。群落多样性分析表明,相同生境类型河段的鱼类物种相似性较高,上游鱼类多样性高于下游。河道水利、过度捕捞和生境退化是北江鱼类群落演替的主要原因。A monthly field-survey of fish in Beijiang River from 2014 to 2016 was carried out to better understand the structure of the fish community and analyze successional trends by comparing recent data with data from the 1981-1983 Beijiang River fish survey.During the recent survey,a total of 86 fish species were collected,representing 11 orders,25 families and 64 genera.The specimens included 49 Cypriniform species,14 Perciformes,10 Siluriformes and 4 Clupeiformes.Fewer than 5 species were collected from the Characiformes,Beloniformes,Cyprinodontiformes,Synbrancs,Salmoniformes,Mugiliformes and Anguilliformesspecies.Ecologically,the fish community in Beijiang River is dominated by non-migratory species and omnivores.Compared with the historical data,the number of fish species and the proportion of migratory and semi-migratory species has decreased,the proportion of sedentary and omnivore species has increased,and the fish community is smaller and younger.Based on the analysis of community diversity,fish species in similar habitats changed little and species diversity in the upper reaches of Beijiang River is higher than in the lower reaches.Water conservation projects,overfishing and habitat degradation are the main causes of Beijiang River fish community succession.

关 键 词：北江 鱼类群落结构 多样性 演替 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]