地形部位对贵州茂兰喀斯特森林群落结构及物种多样性的影响  

Effects of topographic sites on the community structure and species diversity of karst forest in Maolan,Guizhou Province of southwestern China

作　　者：秦随涛 龙翠玲[1] 吴邦利 Qin Suitao;Long Cuiling;Wu Bangli(School of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2018年第7期18-26,共9页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660107);贵州省自然科学基金项目[黔科合J字(2012)2280号]

摘　　要：【目的】地形是导致植物群落结构异质性的重要因素,了解茂兰喀斯特森林木本植物群落结构及物种多样性的地形差异,对揭示喀斯特森林的物种维持机制具有重要意义。【方法】根据群落调查法进行样地调查,分析植物群落结构。采用Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、Simpson优势度指数(M)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)等多样性指标研究3种地形部位(槽谷、坡地、漏斗)群落乔木层和灌木层的物种多样性。【结果】(1)在研究区内,槽谷森林共有木本植物81种,隶属39科63属;漏斗森林木本植物共有80种,隶属39科61属;坡地森林木本植物共有69种,隶属35科58属。槽谷森林的物种区系组成最复杂,其次是漏斗森林,坡地森林的物种区系组成最简单。3种地形部位的优势种主要是樟科、蔷薇科、漆树科和山茱萸科植物等。30个样地的PCA排序结果反映了群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系,影响群落物种组成差异的主要环境因子为光照、水分和土壤。(2)3种地形部位群落乔木层中轮叶木姜子的重要值最大,是群落的优势种,青冈栎、四照花和翅荚香槐的重要值低于轮叶木姜子,是群落乔木层的亚优势种,皱叶海桐是灌木层的优势种。(3)3种地形部位木本植物生活型以中高位芽和小高位芽植物为主,大高位芽植物最少。坡地森林以小高位芽植物占优势,而漏斗和槽谷森林以中高位芽植物为主。(4)3种地形部位乔木层物种多样性指数为槽谷>漏斗>坡地,但灌木层物种多样性指数则表现为槽谷>坡地>漏斗。【结论】在3种地形中,槽谷森林的物种区系组成最复杂,物种多样性最丰富,群落优势种为轮叶木姜子和皱叶海桐,木本植物生活型以中高位芽和小高位芽植物为主,光照、水分和土壤条件是影响不同地形群落分布格局的主要环境因子。[Objective] Topography is an important factor leading to the heterogeneity of plant community structure. In order to know the difference of community structure and species diversity of woody plants in karst forest at different topographic sites,studies were carried out in woody plant communities of Maolan Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province of southwestern China. Studies abouttopographic difference of community structure and species diversity of Maolan karst forest had great significance to reveal the mechanism of species maintenance in karst forest. [Method] Community survey method was used to analyse plant community structure. The species diversity of tree and shrub layers at different topography sites（ funnel,hillside and valley） was analyzed using Margalef diversity index（ D）,Pielou evenness index（ J）,Simpson dominance index（ M） and Shannon-Wiener diversity index（ H）. [Result]The results showed that：（ 1） There were 81 species of woody plants in valley forest and they belong to 39 families and 63 genera; there were 80 species of woody plants in funnel forest and they belong to 39 families and 61 genera; there were 69 species of woody plants in hillside forest and they belong to 35 families and 58 genera; in the research area,species floristic composition of valley forest was the most complex,that of funnel forest was the second and floristic composition of hillside forest was the simplest. The dominant species in three topography sites mainly belong to Lauraceae,Rosaceae,Anacardiaceae and Cornaceae plant. The PCA ordination results of 30 plots reflected the relationship between the community type and the environmental gradient,and the main environmental factors affecting the diversity of the species were light,water and soil.（ 2） The important value of Litsea verticillata was the highest in the tree layer and it was the dominant species of community. The important values of Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Cornus japonica var. chinensis and Cladrastis platycarpa were lower than that of Litsea

关 键 词：木本植物 群落结构 物种多样性 喀斯特森林 茂兰 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学]