教育会影响剥削率吗?——基于跨国面板数据的实证研究  

Does Education Affect the Rate of Exploitation?——An Empirical Study Based on Multinational Panel Data

作　　者：乔晓楠[1,2] 王璟雯 王桐 Qiao Xiaonan;Wang Jingwen;Wang Tong

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院 [2]南开大学中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2018年第4期186-212,共27页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"国际分工体系重塑与中国产业转型升级战略的政治经济学研究"(批准号14BJL048);中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心项目;中央高校基本科研任务费专项资金资助项目资助

摘　　要：基于马克思主义政治经济学基本理论,本文结合教育影响剥削率的劳动力再生产机制与劳动生产率机制,并且利用世界29个国家1995到2009年的面板数据进行实证研究。计量分析结果显示,劳动力受教育程度对剥削率的影响在发达国家和发展中国家呈现出差异。在发展中国家,高中以下教育水平劳动力占比的提高将提升剥削率,而高中及高等教育水平劳动力占比的提高则可以抑制剥削率。在发达国家,情况正好相反,高中以下教育水平劳动力占比与剥削率负相关,而高中及高等教育水平劳动力占比与剥削率正相关。导致差异的原因可能与一国所处的经济发展阶段及产业特征相关。本文的政策含义为逐步扩大甚至普及中高层次教育对发展中国家降低剥削率具有重要意义。Based on the basic theory of Marxist Political Economics,this paper proposes the influence mechanism of education on the rate of exploitation through labor reproduction and labor productivity,and conducts empirical studies using panel data of 29 countries from 1995 to 2009.The results of econometric analysis show that the impacts of education level of labor on the rate of exploitation are different between developed countries and developing countries.In developing countries,an increase in the share of labor with education level below high school will raise the rate of exploitation,while an increase in the proportion of the labor at the secondary and tertiary education levels will curb the rate of exploitation.In developed countries,the opposite is true.The proportion of labor below high school education level is negatively correlated with the rate of exploitation,while the proportion of labor at the level of secondary and tertiary education level is positively correlated with the rate of exploitation.The reason for the differences may be related to the phase of economic development and industrial characteristics of a country.The policy implication of this paper is that the gradual expansion and even popularization of middle-and-high-level education is of great significance for developing countries to reduce the rate of exploitation.

关 键 词：剥削率 教育 劳动力再生产 劳动生产率 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.1[经济管理—世界经济]