纳米农药的环境安全性浅析  

A Brief Analysis on the Environmental Safety of Nano-enabled Pesticides

作　　者：陈朗 姜辉[2] 周艳明[2] 周欣欣[2] 黄健 Chen Lang;Jiang Hui;Zhou Yanming;Zhou Xinxin;Huang Jian(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute for the Control of Agrochemi-cals,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing,100025)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]农业部农药检定所,北京100025

出　　处：《农药科学与管理》2018年第5期30-38,共9页Pesticide Science and Administration

摘　　要：纳米农药是纳米科技在农业植物保护领域的一项新兴应用,在提高农药生物活性与使用效果、增加农药持效性、减少农药用量等方面具有明显优势。目前已有文献报道或获得专利的纳米农药主要包括纳米微乳剂、纳米微囊、纳米载药系统(如金属、金属氧化物、黏土等)、纳米生物农药等不同剂型。随着纳米农药的研发升级及其推向市场的需求增加,纳米农药注册登记与监管过程中的环境安全性评估也成为需要密切关注的问题。本文综述了纳米农药的研发现状以及纳米材料的毒性作用机制,浅析了纳米材料、环境因素及纳米农药所含农药有效成分对纳米农药生物有效性与生态毒理学效应的影响,以期为纳米农药的环境风险评估与环境管理提供建议和参考。Nanopesticides is an emerging technological development that, in relation to agricultural plant protection, could promise many benefits over conventional pesticide products including improved bio-availability, increased pesticide efficacy and reduced amounts of pesticide active ingredients that need to be used. There are many formulation types of nanopesticides have been reported and patented, such as nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, products containing nanoparticles,（e. g.,metals, metal oxides, and nanoclays） and nano biological pesticides. With the increase of the development and use of nanopesticides, the environmental safety assessment in the registration and supervision of nanopesticides has also become a matter of close concern. Here, the current nanopesticides developing and the toxic mechanism of nanomaterials were reviewed. The effects of nanomaterials, environmental factors and the active ingredients of pesticide on the bio-availability and eco-toxicity of nanopesticides were briefly analyzed in order to provide suggestions for environmental risk assessment and risk management of nanopesticides.

关 键 词：纳米材料 纳米载药系统 生物有效性 生态毒性 风险评估 

分 类 号：S482[农业科学—农药学]