“从源到汇”:褶皱冲断带-前陆盆地系统砂箱物理模型浅表作用研究  

“Source to Sink”: A Review of Tectonics-Erosion-Sedimentation Interactions in the Analogue Experiments of Accretionary Wedge

作　　者：邓宾[1] 黄瑞[1] 马华灵 何宇[1] 赖冬 姜磊[1] 刘树根[1] DENG Bin1, HUANG Rui1, MA Hualing2, HE Yu1, LAI Dong1, JIANG Lei1 and LIU Shugen1(1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; 2. Northwestern Sichuan Gas Field, Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Petrochina, Mianyang 621701, Sichuan, Chin)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610059 [2]中国石油西南油气田分公司川西北气矿,四川绵阳621701

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2018年第3期431-444,共14页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41572111);四川省青年基金项目(2017JQ0025)联合资助

摘　　要："从源到汇"理论完善了砂箱物理模型中地壳浅表构造-剥蚀-沉积耦合过程机制的理解,我国西部地区新生代发生了全球最为显著的构造-剥蚀-沉积作用过程,却少见相关浅表作用过程报道。本文系统阐述地壳浅表作用过程机理和挤压砂箱模型"从源到汇"过程的相似性机理,基于国内外以冲断带-前陆盆地系统相关浅表作用过程(即构造-剥蚀-沉积)为对象的砂箱物理模型研究结果,综述浅表构造-剥蚀-沉积耦合过程及其对褶皱冲断带系统形成演化的主要控制因素。"从源到汇"的浅表作用过程有利于褶皱冲断带-前陆盆地系统物质与能量的交换与互馈,剥蚀作用主要作用于褶皱冲断带后缘区域,有利于形成较窄的冲断带-前陆盆地体系;沉积作用不仅受控于造山带或褶皱冲断带源区剥蚀作用过程,还受控于沉积物路径过程等复杂因素,其主要作用于褶皱冲断带前缘与前陆盆地区域,较高的沉积物沉积作用有利于形成较宽的冲断带-前陆盆地体系。临界楔理论强调挤压增生楔形体前缘加积物质(输入)与楔形体表面剥蚀物质(输出)达到平衡后楔形体呈自相似性生长,即造山楔形体地表坡度与基底坡角之和趋于恒定,它们共同控制其褶皱冲断带-前陆盆地系统构造-剥蚀-沉积浅表作用过程及其时空范围。构造砂箱物理模型与褶皱冲断带系统"从源到汇"浅表剥蚀-搬运-沉积作用过程的标准变量/参数的一致性对比研究,是当前二者相结合的重点与难点之一,毫无疑问的是,对于"从源到汇"浅表作用过程天然实验室中典型褶皱冲断带/流域体系的构造砂箱物理模型模拟研究,将会持续不断地拓展和完善其理论体系格架与内容。It is believed that the tectonics-erosion-sedimentation interaction in the analogue experiments was essentially improved by the theory of ＂from source to sink＂. In particular, the widespread uplift and exhumation in the western China occurred in Cenozoic can be considered to be a typical natural laboratory in the world. Here we review our current understanding from tectonic sandbox models of tectonics-erosion-sedimentation and their interactions, as well as from natural laboratory. As we known, there are widespread erosion occurred predominantly at hinterland of the accretionary wedge, in contrast to the sedimentation occurred widely at foreland of the wedge. Therefore, fold-and-thrust belts with low syntectonic sedimentation and erosion would evolve in a self-similar fashion to produce a narrow accretionary wedge, while high syntectonic sedimentation and erosion would produce accretionary wedge with very active hinterland thrusts, and a large width. Furthermore, the critically tapered wedge model suggests that the crust-scale thrust-and-fold belts under a horizontal compressive force would come into a self-similar growth of a forward-tapering wedge when it reaches a critical taper angle of the combined angles of the base dip and the wedge slope. Such a process has important influence on the tectonics-erosionsedimentation and their interactions both in accretionary wedges and their analogue experiments. Although there is a significant similarity between the analogue experiments and natural accretionary wedges in the surface processes of tectonicserosion-sedimentation and their interactions, it is difficult to get more universal parameters between them. It should be noted that sandbox models of the accretionary wedges in the natural laboratory would improve significantly our understanding of the theory of the tectonics-erosion-sedimentation interactions and ＂from source to sink＂.

关 键 词：从源到汇 构造-剥蚀-沉积 挤压增生楔形体 砂箱模型 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学]