绵竹清平民歌的羌汉音乐接触研究  

An Investigation into the Qiang-Han Musical Contact Reflected in Qingping Folk Songs in Mianzhu

作　　者：华明玲[1] Hua Mingling(School of Literature and Art,Southwest University of Science and Technolog)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学

出　　处：《民族学刊》2018年第3期53-64,114,115,116,共15页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2014年教育部人文社科一般项目"羌与汉;藏接触中的音乐形态研究调查"的成果(项目编号:14YJA760009);2015年四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地西南音乐研究中心一般项目"羌汉音乐文化交流;融合调查研究"(项目编号:xnyy2015016)阶段性成果

摘　　要：四川绵竹清平民歌数量众多、种类繁杂、风格多样,它是羌、汉音乐接触的产物,在羌汉接触地区有代表意义。清平民歌虽然全部用汉语演唱,其中大部分民歌为汉族风格,但仍有一部分较为古老的歌种明显还带有羌族音乐的遗存,其与羌族现存歌曲相比较,主要表现在旋律和调式音阶等方面的共同特征。清平民歌的特点不仅说明清平民歌有着羌族音乐的基因,而且证实羌与汉接触后音乐形态发生了改变,更多的汉族音乐被羌人接受,而原有的羌族民歌除歌词被汉化以外,仍保存有一定的羌族风格,这便是音乐文化复合性的一种表现。清平民歌为我们提供了一个分析音乐接触的样板,有助于厘清多民族杂居区音乐接触的深层次特点及音乐变化的规律。Folk songs from Qingping,created from the blending of Han and Qiang music,represent the abundance of the Qiang-Han area in quantity,variety and style. Although all Qingping folk songs are sung in the Han language,and most of them follow the Han style,the characteristics of Qiang music can still be heard. In comparison to existing Qiang folk songs,both are very similar in melody,mode,and musical scale. The characteristics of Qingping folk songs not only indicate an influence of the Qiang style,but also show the evolution in Qiang musical forms after contact was made with the Han. Although the original lyrics of traditional Qiang folk songs have been Sinicized over time,they still maintain a unique Qiang style,which is an expressive form of a compound of musical culture. Therefore,Qingping folk songs can be used as model to analyze the deep influence of musical contact and rules of musical evolution in multi-ethnic areas.Musical contact is a common phenomenon in music history. Contact and communication between ethnic groups and outside regions may generate new musical branches and styles,encouraging the innovation of music. In Turandot,Giacomo Puccini used the melody of Molihua,a Chinese classical folk song,for the aria of the character Turandot.This is evidence of Chinese folk music＇s influence on Western music following contact between the two styles.Several scholars have noted the changes seen in folk songs after the musical contact between the Qiang and other ethnic groups such as the Han,Tibetans,and Hui. For example,the introduction to Qiangzu Minjian Gequ Xuan（ Selected Qiang Folk Songs） states： ＂Although Qiang culture is deeply influenced by the Han and Tibetan cultures,it conserves its abundant ancient culture and art heritage with significant ethnic features. ＂Qiangshan Caifeng Lu（ Collecting Folk Songs in Qiang Habitations） also mentions the musical interactions between different areas： ＂There is a subtle awareness in our mind that most Han folk songs found in northeastern Sichuan res

关 键 词：清平民歌 音乐接触 羌族风格 汉族风格 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]