黑龙江三江自然保护区天然湿地土壤重金属含量及污染评价  

Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Assessment of the Soil of Natural Wetlands in Heilongjiang Sanjiang Natural Reserve

作　　者：李海兴 赵琬婧 武逸峰 刘子涵 王清波 付东风 孙晓新[1,2] LI Hai-Xing;ZHAO Wan-Jing;WU Yi-Feng;LIU Zi-Han;WANG Qing-Bo;FU Dong-Feng;SUN Xiao-Xin(School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang;Bureau of Heilongjiang Sanjiang National Nature Reserve,Fuyuan 156500,Heilongjiang;Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetland Ecosystem Research Station,Fuyuan 156500 Heilongjiang)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江三江平原湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,黑龙江抚远156500 [3]黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区管理局,黑龙江抚远156500

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2018年第2期38-41,共4页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：东北林业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610225015);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2572016CA03)

摘　　要：通过调查采样,测定黑龙江三江自然保护区核心区的臌囊苔草沼泽、小叶章沼泽和实验区的芦苇沼泽土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn和Cr含量;利用Hankanson潜在生态危害指数法,对不同类型天然湿地土壤中重金属的生态危害进行评价。结果表明:3种类型天然湿地土壤中重金属含量随土壤深度呈波动变化,其中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr含量的大体趋势是底层高于表层,Mn含量的大体趋势是表层高于底层。臌囊苔草沼泽土壤中Cu和Zn含量显著(P<0.05)高于小叶章沼泽和芦苇沼泽;芦苇沼泽土壤中Pb和Cr含量显著高于臌囊苔草沼泽和小叶章沼泽(P<0.05);3种类型天然湿地土壤中Mn含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。核心区天然湿地土壤中重金属综合潜在生态风险危害等级为中度,实验区天然湿地土壤中重金属综合潜在生态风险危害等级为强烈,说明三江自然保护区天然湿地土壤存在重金属污染,污染的主要重金属元素为Pb。Soil heavy metal contents including Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn and Cr in the marshes of Carex schmidtii, Calamagrostis angustifolia, and Phragmites communis in Heilongjiang Sanjiang Nature Reserve were analyzed to assess ecological risk of heavy metals in soils of different natural wetlands in this area by using the potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that heavy metal contents in soils of different wetlands fluctuated in different soil layer. Most of the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr contents were lower in the surface layer than the bottom layer. However, most of the Mn contents were higher in the surface layer than the bottom layer. Mean Cu and Zn contents in Carex schmidtii marsh were significantly higher（P 〈0.05） than those in the other two marshes. Mean Pb and Cr contents in Phragmites communis marsh were significantly higher（P 〈0.05） than those in the other two marshes. There were no significant differences（P 〉0.05） of Mn contents among the three marshes. Potential ecological risk levels in Carex schmidtii marsh, Calamagrostis angustifolia marsh in the core area were medium. However, potential ecological risk levels in Phragmites communis marsh in the experimentation area were extreme. These indicated that there were heavy metal pollutions in soils of marshes in this natural reserve including the core areas. The main element of heavy metal pollution was Pb.

关 键 词：三江平原 天然湿地 重金属 污染评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]