咸丰初期湘军饷银供应与“三金并用”计策——基于曾国藩与王庆云未刊二函的分析  

The Analysis of Two Unpublished Letters by Zeng Guofan and Wang Qingyun about the Xiang Army's salary:The “Three Combined” Strategy of Xiang Army Military's Supply During Xianfeng Initial Period

作　　者：孟祥菊[1] MENG Xiangju

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史系

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第5期120-132,共13页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：咸丰四年,曾国藩奉旨统率湘军出省越境镇压太平军,但湘军在转战过程中,面临兵饷供应难题。东征初期,从曾国藩与陕西巡抚王庆云就军饷协济等所作的两通未刊函札,可以观察当时军费协济之多层实际问题,诸如军饷解济到军营后如何支放,制钱、白银和黄金三者搭放营勇的技巧等。王庆云一函不但表明积极的支持心态,而且设身处地为曾国藩筹谋军饷搭放技巧,所提出的"三金并用"计策较为别致,至其或行或阻,多由独特环境制约,非人为因素所能左右。这一案例生动展示出协饷制度在复杂时境中的多种样态,货币形态与人脉亲疏对筹济军饷亦存在莫大的影响。In the fourth year of Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty,Zeng Guofan was ordered to lead the Xiang army out of the province to suppress the revolted Taiping Army. The Xiang army faced serious military supply problems in the course of fighting. Through the two unpublished letters between Zeng Guofan and Shaanxi governor Wang Qingyun on the issue of military aid,it is possible to observe the multi-layer problems caused by military aid at that time, for example, how military spendings are distributed in military camps,and the skills of the combined coin,silver and gold and other issues. From Wang Qingyun＇s letter,it can be seen that he actively supported Zeng Guofan and designed a method for his military salary. The proposed ＂three coins combined＂method is very practical. When it comes to how the final result turns out,it mainly depends on the objective environment yet it has nothing to do with human factors. In this case,it shows that the aid military expenditure is greatly affected by the complicated tense situation. The currency form and personal contacts have a great influence on the aid military expenditure.

关 键 词：曾国藩 王庆云 未刊信函 军饷 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]