公路收费政策的大气污染防治效应——基于空间溢出视角下城市层面的证据  

Air Pollution Prevention Effect of Highway Toll:Based on Evidence at City Level under Perspective of Spatial Spillover

作　　者：贾锐宁 徐海成[1] Jia Ruining,Xu Haicheng(School of Economics and Management,Chang＇an University,Xi＇an 710064,Chin)

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院,西安710064

出　　处：《技术经济》2018年第5期103-114,共12页Journal of Technology Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"收费公路行业行政垄断的租值耗散研究"(13BJY123)

摘　　要：利用2012年中国高速公路免收通行费政策的准自然实验,采用2011—2012年中国89个城市的日度污染数据和气象数据,构建基于动态空间面板的双重差分模型,考察了高速公路免收通行费对空气污染的影响效应。研究发现:中国城市空气污染程度呈现出显著的正向空间溢出效应;高速公路免收通行费对城市空气污染具有显著的促增作用,即短期内属地城市和邻域城市的空气污染程度分别提升了20.4%与18.8%,长期的促增作用则分别达到46.9%和64.8%;当不考虑空间溢出效应和路径依赖特征时,高速公路免收通行费对城市空气污染的促增作用被高估2.4%,同时泄漏效应以及建立在乘数效应基础上的更为严重且更为深远的长期影响亦被忽视;在排除收割效应的影响后,上述促增结论依然稳健。Based on the quasi-natural experiment of China Expressway Free Charging Policy in 2012,using the daily pollution data and meteorological data of 89 cities in China during the period of 2011-2012,this paper constructs a dual-difference model based on the dynamic spatial panel while investigating the impact of expressway free charge on air pollution.The result shows as follows：the degree of urban air pollution in China shows a significant positive spillover effect;the expressway free of charge plays a significant role in the promoting effect of urban air pollution;specifically,the degree of short-term air pollution in territorial cities and neighboring cities has increased by 20.4%and 18.8%respectively,and the long-term growth-promoting effect reaches to 46.9% and 64.8%respectively;when the spatial spillover effects and path-dependent characteristics are not taken into account,the promoting effect of expressways free of charge on urban air pollution is overestimated as 2.4%,while the leakage effect and more serious and far-reaching long-term effect based on multiplier effect are also ignored;after excluding harvesting effect,the conclusion of the above-mentioned increases still remain steady.

关 键 词：公路收费政策 大气污染 污染防治 高速公路 空间溢出 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]