个人自愿无偿献血人群分析研究  

Analysis and study of individual voluntary unpaid donors

作　　者：梁洁贞 陈存意 陈超红 梁丽华 陈志忠 仇严妹 余文潮 张欣 LIANG Jie-zhen;CHEN Cun-yi;CHEN Chao-hong;LIANG Li-hua;CHEN Zhi-zhong;QIU Yan-mei;YU Wen-chao;ZHANG Xin(Zhaoqing Central Blood Station in Guangdong Province,Zhaoqing 526020,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省肇庆市中心血站,广东肇庆526020

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2018年第17期156-159,共4页China Modern Medicine

基　　金：广东省肇庆市科技创新计划项目(2014E1813)

摘　　要：目的了解个人自愿献血者对无偿献血的认知、献血动机、获得献血信息的渠道以及各类人群献血行为等因素对个人自愿献血者的影响,为改进我市无偿献血宣传工作提供科学依据,建立有效的个人自愿献血者招募策略,采取有效的宣传方式针对目标人群进行宣传和招募,不断扩大个人自愿献血者队伍。方法将2015年7月~2017年6月的个人自愿无偿献血者的资料录入电脑,并采取调查问卷的方法 ,随机调查1000例个体献血者,其中760例提交有效问卷,首次献血者292例,再次献血者468例。比较首次献血者与再次献血者的献血动机、献血知识知晓情况。考察献血者获得献血信息的渠道及各类献血人群对献血者的影响。结果个体献血人群的职业主要是个体经商、自由职业者和农民,城镇献血者多于农村,男献血者多于女献血者,且献血者主要是年龄≤35岁的年轻人。首次献血者与再次献血者的献血动机最高均为"无私奉献",二者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。首次献血者中"想知道血型或了解身体状况"的比例高于再次献血者,"为享受优先用血政策"的比例低于再次献血者,差异有统计学有意义(P<0.05)。再次献血者在"一次献血量"、"献成分血与全血的区别"、"献血前、后注意事项"、"无偿献血的主体责任"等献血知识方面的知晓度均高于首次献血者,差异有统计学有意义(P<0.05)。本市献血者获得献血信息的渠道主要是媒体宣传(39.74%),其次是流动献血车(屋)(19.73%)和户外宣传广告(17.89%)。献血者中,亲属和朋友献血(55.52%)最易说服其参加献血,亲属和朋友、血站员工、医护人员献血会令献血者更相信献血无损健康。结论有效运用新媒体和加强农村无偿献血的宣传,对扩大无偿献血宣传效应有促进作用,注重医务人员和血站人员献血活动的宣传和典型事例的树立以及让献血者带动亲友�Objective To understand individual voluntary donors′ cognition for unpaid donation,the blood donation motivation and the information to blood donation,and the influence of the blood donation behavior of all kinds of people on the individual voluntary blood donors,providing scientific basis for improving the propaganda work of free blood donation in our city,establishment of an effective recruitment strategy for voluntary unpaid donors,taking effective propaganda to promote and recruit the target population,continue to expand the team of voluntary unpaid donors.Methods The database of voluntary voluntary blood donors from July 2015 to June 2017 were entered into the computer.A random survey of 1000 cases of individual donors was conducted by the way to take a questionnaire.Among them,760 cases were submitted with valid questionnaires,292 cases of first-time blood donors and 468 cases of again blood donors.The motivation and the knowledge of blood donation were compared between the first-time blood donors and the again blood donors.And the blood donors′ access to blood donation information and the influence of various blood donors on the blood donors were investigated.Results The main occupation of individual blood donors were self-employed businessmen,self-employed workers and peasants.There were more blood donors in the town than in the countryside,more men than women,and the blood donors were mainly young people under the age of 35.The blood donation motivation of ＂altruistic contribution＂ for the first-time blood donors and the again blood donors was the highest,and the difference was not statistically significant between the two group（P〉0.05）.Among the first-time blood donors,the proportion of blood donation motivation of ＂want to know blood type or understand the condition of the body＂ was higher than that of the again blood donors,and the proportion of ＂to enjoy preferential blood policy＂ was lower than that of the again blood donors,the differences were statistically significant（P〈

关 键 词：个人献血者 影响因素 宣传模式 招募策略 

分 类 号：R695.6[医药卫生—泌尿科学]