无意思联络数人侵权比例责任之适用  

Application of Proportional Liability for the Innocent Contact Number of People Infringing

作　　者：刘媛媛 LIU Yuan-yuan(Law School of Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,南京210093

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2018年第3期26-37,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：《侵权责任法》第12条规定,无意思联络侵权的数名侵权人的责任大小难以确定时,平均承担赔偿责任。该方式看似是对受害者的倾斜保护,但忽略了现实情景下个案所内蕴的多样性和复杂性,无法为责任份额不明的无意思联络数人侵权提供贯穿体系始终的基准。域外较成熟的比例责任理论可解答加害份额不明之难题,比例责任依据侵权行为作为损害结果必要条件的可能性之比例分担责任,对不同程度危险行为引发的致害可能性区别对待,与现代侵权损害赔偿体系追寻的合理价值多元化相契合,可将其合理之内涵引入第12条中。根据该规则,应在可能性判定标准的基础之上,综合考量个案表现出的关联要素确定最终的赔偿金额。Article 12 of the Tort Liability Act stipulates that when the liability of several infringers who have no interest in contact infringement is difficult to determine,the average liability is compensated,which appears to be a tilt protection for the victim. However,this method ignores the actual situation. The intrinsic diversity and complexity of the following cases cannot provide a consistent benchmark throughout the system for the infringement of an unexplained number of unwitting contact persons. The more mature proportional liability theory outside the domain can solve the problem of injuring the share that is not known. Proportional liability shares the liability according to the proportion of the possibility that the infringement is a necessary condition for the damage result,and it is different from the possibility of harm caused by different degrees of dangerous behavior. The diversification of the reasonable value sought by modern infringement damage compensation system fits in and can be introduced into Article 12. According to this rule,the ultimate compensation amount should be determined on the basis of the criteria for the possibility of judgment and the related elements shown in the case of comprehensive consideration.

关 键 词：无意思联络 责任份额 平均担责 比例责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]