中美儿童安全座椅产品的召回与易用性评价  

Children's safety seats recall and the assessment of ease of use in China and the US

作　　者：肖凌云 李少鹏 董红磊 周勇[2] 赵大鹏 胡文浩 张金换[2] XIAO Lingyun;LI Shaopeng;DONG Honglei;ZHOU Yong;ZHAO Dapeng;HU Wenhao;ZHANG Jinhuan(Defective Products Administration Center,the State Administration for Market Regulation,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]国家市场监督管理总局缺陷产品管理中心 [2]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2018年第2期131-140,共10页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：中央基本科研业务费项目(282017Y-5303)

摘　　要：正确使用无缺陷的儿童安全座椅(并称为儿童乘员约束系统,CRS),可降低在交通事故中儿童伤亡率。作者开展了中国儿童安全座椅使用情况问卷调研,对比分析了中美两国的CRS使用率和误使用情况、CRS易用性评价体系2010—2017年间CRS召回数据和召回实施情况。结果表明:在中国5大城市中儿童安全座椅的使用率仅占20.9%,远低于美国;而误使用率在80%以上,高于美国。中国的儿童座椅易用性评价指标和方法,更符合中国市场特征以及中国用户的使用习惯。美国儿童安全座椅的召回数量远远大于中国,召回监管的力度也大于中国。因而作者建议:中国政府应加强儿童安全座椅的国家立法和消费者宣传;儿童安全座椅行业应完善易用性评价,加大缺陷产品的召回力度,提升产品质量,保障儿童乘车安全。Children＇s safety seat or named child restraint system（CRS） can effectively reduce the casualty rate of the children in traffic accidents without misuses and defects. The authors made questionnaire survey on the use of CRSs in China, investigated the assessment system of ease of use, and comparatively analyzed the situation of usage rate and the misuse, the assessment system of ease of use and the recall data for CRSs in 2010-2017 in China and the US. The results show that the usage rate of CRSs in five large cities in China accounts for only 20.9%, which is far lower than that of the US, and the users＇ misuse rate in China is over 80%, which is also higher than that in the US. The assessment method of ease of use of CRSs in China is suitable for the market and the users＇ habits in China. The number of recalled defect CRSs in the US is far greater than that in China, and the recall supervisions of defect CRSs are more severe than that in China. Therefore, the authors proposed some suggestions that Chinese government should strengthen the legislation and the customer propagation for CRSs, while whole CRS industry should complete the assessment of ease of use and strengthen the supervisions for defect CRS product recall to improve the product quality and to protect the safety of children in vehicles.

关 键 词：儿童安全座椅(CRS) 缺陷产品召回 易用性评价 对比分析 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]