基于动态时间归整距的地震动特性分析及合成精度评价  

Ground motion characteristics analysis and synthesis accuracy evaluation based on dynamic time warping distance

作　　者：何浩祥[1] 解鑫 王文涛 HE Haoxiang;XIE Xin;WANG Wentao(Beijing Key Lab of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Retrofit,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2018年第12期207-215,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51478024);工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室重点项目(USDE201403)

摘　　要：动态时间规整(DTW)算法能够准确而细致地计算不同信号的相似程度,因此可将其用于波形比较和相似度评价;为了克服传统地震动波形比较和特性评价方法的不足,提出基于DTW距的地震动波形辨识及地震动特性分析方法。通过对大量地震波进行统计分析,获得考虑幅值、时差、噪信比及时差与噪声综合效应的DTW距变化规律,证明可将DTW距作为波形精细化评价标准;论证DTW距与向量范数在本质上等效,在地震动分析中DTW距与信号的等效幅值和能量密切相关。通过对台阵地震动数据进行分析,验证了DTW距的物理内涵,结果同时表明DTW距分布情况能够较准确地反映区域内地震动时间-空间变化效应;通过统计分析确定DTW距的参考范围,并以此作为人工合成多点地震动的精度评价标准,得到能够获得更真实特性人工地震动的合成方案;将DTW距的变化规律作为依据,可实现具有空间变化效应的人工地震动的合成精度评价、优化组合及遴选。The similarity degree of different signals can be accurately calculated by a dynamic time warping（ DTW） algorithm,so it can be applied in waveform comparison and similarity evaluation. To overcome the deficiencies of traditional seismic wave shape comparison and performance evaluation methods,the earthquake waveform identification and ground motion characteristics analysis method based on DTW distance was proposed. According to the statistical analysis of a large number of earthquake waves,the variation law of DTW distance considering amplitude,time difference,noise to signal ratio and the synthetic effect of time difference and noise was obtained. It is proved that the DTW distance can be used as the evaluation standard of waveform precision. It was demonstrated that DTW distance and vector norm is in essence equivalent,and DTW distance is closely related to the equivalent amplitude and energy of earthquake waves.The physical meaning of DTW distance was verified by analyzing the data of the array ground motion,and the results show that DTW distance distribution can accurately represent the time and space variation effect of regional seismic motion. The reference range of DTW distance was determined by statistical analysis,and it can be used as the accuracy evaluation criterion of synthetic multi-point earthquake wave,and the optimal synthesis scheme of artificial wave with more actual characteristic was obtained. Based on the variation law of DTW distance,the synthetic accuracy evaluation,optimization and selection of artificial earthquake wave with spatial variation effect can be realized.

关 键 词：动态时间规整 地震动 空间变化效应 人工合成地震动 台阵 波形相似度 

分 类 号：TU375.3[建筑科学—结构工程] TU311.3