旱地冬小麦秸秆带状覆盖不同模式的水分效应  

Effect of straw strip mulching of different model on soil moisture content of winter wheat in arid region

作　　者：李瑞[1] 程宏波[2] 王芳[1] 柴雨葳 陈玉章[1] 常磊[1] 黄彩霞[3] 柴守玺[1] LI Rui;CHENG Hong-bo;WANG Fang;CHAI Yu-wei;CHEN Yu-zhang;CHANG Lei;HUANG Cai-xia;CHAI Shou-xi(Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid land Crop/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural Universit;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural Universit;College of Engineering,Gansu Agricultural Universit)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2018年第3期113-119,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560365);公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201303104);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-3-2-49)

摘　　要：在黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下以露地种植为对照(CK),设置了4种玉米整秆带状覆盖方式:带状3行(MS3),带状4行(MS4),带状5行(MS5),带状6行(MS6),比较研究了不同带幅对冬小麦产量、土壤水分变化的影响。结果表明:适宜带幅(MS3、MS4)的秸秆带状覆盖能显著改善土壤水分状况并提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,MS3、MS4分别较CK增产69.1%、41.3%,水分利用效率提高88.1%、39.1%。MS3与MS4对土壤含水量在不同时期、不同土层均具有增墒和降墒的双重效应,但增墒效应更为突出,全生育期平均分别较CK提高土壤含水量1.00和0.35个百分点。MS3可以显著改善土壤水分在各生育时期各土层的分布情况,其在播种期~越冬期、返青期~孕穗期的供水效果,以及60cm以下土层对60 cm以上土层的水分补给效果均好于其它处理,有利于冬小麦生长、成穗,提高穗粒数,因此MS3更适合黄土高原半干旱雨养地区的冬小麦生产。The research has been conducted on the Loess Plateau which is characterized by semi-arid climate and rain-fed conditions. Four belt mulching groups of whole corn stalk of MS3,MS4,MS5,MS6 were set up in contrast to open field cultivation,so as to study the effect of differnet treatments on the winter wheat yield and soil moisture content. The results showed that the appropriate straw strip mulching could significantly improve soil moisture content and water use efficiency,as evidenced by the winter wheat yield increased by 69.1% and 41.3% respectively with MS3 and MS4,and water use efficiency by 88.1% and 39.1%,compared to CK. MS3 and MS4 had dual effects on the increase and the decrease of soil moisture content in different soil layers during different periods.The increase effect on soil moisture content was more significant. The soil moisture content was increased by 1.00 and 0.35 percent respectively,treated by MS3 and MS4 compared to CK during the whole growth period. Moreover,MS3 could remarkably improve the distribution of soil moisture in different soil layers at different growth stages,as well as water supply effect from the sowing-wintering stage to the green-booting stage. In addition,the water recharge effect to soil layers below and above 60 cm was superior to other treatments,which was good for the grwoth,the spike formation and the increase of grain number pers pike of winter wheat. Therefore,MS3 is of greater benefit to winter wheat production on the Loess Plateau characterized by semi-arid climate and rain-fed conditions.

关 键 词：冬小麦 秸秆覆盖 带幅 土壤水分 产量 雨养农业区 

分 类 号：S343.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]