短期玉米秸秆还田对冷凉地区土壤真菌多样性的影响  

Effects of short term maize straw returning on soil Fungi diversity in cold and cool regions

作　　者：萨如拉[1] 杨恒山[1] 高聚林[2] 张丽娟[1] 张玉芹[1] 范秀艳[1] 李纯燕[1] SA Ru-la;YANG Heng-shan;GAO Ju-lin;ZHANG Li-juan;ZHANG Yu-qin;FAN Xiu-yan;LI Chun-yan(College of agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalitie;Career Technical College Inner Mongolia Agricultural Universit)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014199

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2018年第3期120-124,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B13;2012BAD04B04;2013BAD07B04);内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心资助项目(MDK2016028);内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金(BS329)

摘　　要：在玉米吐丝期,利用传统涂布平板法和高通量测序技术,设置常规秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆深翻还田(SF)和秸秆旋耕还田(XG)3个处理,研究0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层真菌群落丰富度、多样性和群落结构变化,揭示冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田真菌群落结构及其差异。结果表明:冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田对土壤真菌多样性的影响较大,秸秆还田土壤中可培养真菌数为SF>XG>CK;秸秆还田后土壤真菌优势菌群发生变化,CK优势菌为马拉色氏霉菌属、被孢霉属和葡萄孢属,XG优势菌为被孢霉属;XG和SF表层土壤中耐冷酵母菌属和被孢霉属是优势菌;SF处理20~30 cm土层优势菌为葡萄孢属。真菌菌群Alpha多样性、群落组成丰度、RDA(Redundancy analysis)和菌群相似性综合分析可知,SF和XG 0~20 cm土层菌群差异小;SF和XG均能增加10~30 cm土层真菌群落丰度。To explore the fungal community structure of maize straw returning to the field in the cold and cool area and its difference. The plate count agar（ PCA） method and high throughput sequencing technology were used to determine the amount of fungi and study the community richness,diversity and community structure of 0 ~ 10,10~ 20,20 ~ 30 cm soil fungi under different straw returning to the field,which included the conventional no-straw amended treatments（ CK）,straw-deep incorporation（ SF） and rotary tillage with straw（ XG） on soil in spring maize at silking. The results indicated that the cold area of maize straw returning have an important effect on soil fungal diversity. The number of fungi in maize straw returning to the field can be cultivated by SF XG CK; The dominant bacterial flora of soil fungi was changed after straw returning to the field. The dominant species in the soil of no-straw amended treatments were Malassezia,Mortierella,Botrytis; The dominant species in the soil of rotary tillage with straw were Mortierella; The dominant species in the topsoil of straw-deep incorporation were Guehomyces and Mortierella. The dominant species in the 20 ~ 30 cm of straw-deep incorporation were Botrytis.Comprehensive analysis of Alpha fungi flora diversity,community composition abundance,RDA（ Redundancy analysis） and flora similarity shows that,thefungal community was not different significantly in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer of rotary tillage and straw-deep incorporation with straw. The rotary tillage and straw-deep incorporation with straw could increase the abundance of 10 ~ 30 cm soil fungal abundance of fungal.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 真菌多样性 高通量测序 优势菌属 

分 类 号：S343.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]