有机废物好氧发酵腐殖质形成机理及农学效应研究进展  

Review of Humic Substances Developed in Organic Waste Aerobic Composting and Its Agronomic Effect

作　　者：郭小夏 刘洪涛[1] 常志州[3] 陶秀萍[4] 靳红梅[3] 董红敏[4] 朱志平[4] GUO Xiao-xia;LIU Hong-tao;CHANG Zhi-zhou;TAO Xiu-ping;JIN Hong-mei;DONG Hong-min;ZHU Zhi-ping(Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Circular Agricultural Research Center,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,江苏南京210014 [4]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第6期489-498,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0501401)

摘　　要：腐殖质是有机废物好氧发酵的重要产物,也是发酵产品品质的重要评价标准。腐殖质含有大量官能团,农学效应显著,可以为作物提供营养,改善土壤理化性质。综述近年来国内外有机废物合成的腐殖质结构特点,探讨了有机废物好氧发酵过程中腐殖质形成机理和演化规律,分析了好氧发酵条件(物料类型、温度、水分、碳氮比、氧含量、p H值、物料粒径、发酵工艺)对腐殖质形成和腐殖化程度的影响,以及腐殖质特征性官能团与保肥性、保水性、抗病性等农学效应的关系。从探明好氧发酵腐殖质形成路径,利用同步辐射显微CT技术(SR-μCT)和软X射线谱学显微光束线分别获得腐殖质团聚体的三维结构域信息和腐殖质元素及化学态信息方面进行展望,将好氧发酵产物腐殖质与农业生产直接关联起来,以期为有机废物好氧资源化技术提供科学依据。As important final product of organic waste aerobic composting,humic substance（ HS） is considered as a crucial index to assess composting process and its product maturity. HS contains various of functional groups,which bring significant agronomic benefits to crop and soil,such as nutrient reservoir,soil physical and chemical properties improvement.The research progress in recent years was summarized,including structure,formation way as well as regulation of HS development during aerobic composting. The effect of main physical-chemical parameters of aerobic composting,including raw materials type,bulking agent type,temperature,moisture content,C/N ratio,oxygen content,p H,porosity,on the formation and quality of HS was reviewed and discussed. The relationship between HS functional groups and its agronomic effects was also elaborated,including plant growth enhancement,water holding capacity improvement,disease suppression and nutrient preserving reinforce. Finally,the direction of further research was looked forward on the basis of current achievement. Probe into aggregate structure and chemical information of HS using synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography and soft X-ray spectromicroscopy technology were proposed to facilitate deep analysis. On summary,the aim of this review is to provide the insight to understand the relationship between HS characteristic and beneficial functions to corresponding agronomic improvement to soil and crop.

关 键 词：好氧发酵 腐殖质 官能团 农学效应 有机废物 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]