种植小麦与牧草对西北风蚀区秦王川灌区粉砂壤土风蚀的影响  

Effects of Planting Wheat and Forage Grass on Farmland Soil Erosion in Qinwangchuan Irrigated Regions of Northwest China

作　　者：李昂[1] 吴应珍[2] 叶鹤琳[1] 张鸣[1] 陈伟[1] 葛承暄 LI Ang;WU Ying-zhen;YE He-lin;ZHANG Ming;CHEN Wei;GE Chen-xuan(School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Lanzhou City University Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Humanities,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Construction Management Station of Gansu Province Cultivated Land Quality,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州城市学院化学与环境工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学人文学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省耕地质量建设管理总站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第6期535-540,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金(31560185)

摘　　要：为了探讨种植小麦和牧草对秦王川灌区农田风蚀的影响,以小麦(Triticum aestivum)和混播牧草披碱草(Elymus nutans)+苜蓿(Medicago sativa)及其下部土壤为研究对象,通过测定植被(或残茬)的盖度、高度和地上生物量及其下部地表的粗糙度、湿度、含水率和风蚀量来探索植被特征指标与土壤风蚀量的变化趋势以及它们之间的定量关系。结果表明:在整个风蚀季节,农田风蚀表现为秋末冬初风蚀较大、冬季较小、春季又明显增强的"U"形曲线模式,风蚀最严重季节为3—5月,而9—10月的风蚀危害也不容忽视;混播牧草的盖度、高度和地上生物量均显著大于单播小麦(P<0.05);各处理地表粗糙度、湿度和土壤含水量大小顺序均为披碱草+苜蓿地>小麦地>裸地,而风蚀量正好相反;相关分析显示,地表风蚀量与植被特征指标中的地上生物量间的相关性最强(r=-0.841),其后依次为与植被盖度(r=-0.816)和与植被高度(r=-0.726)间的相关性;回归分析显示,植被的地上生物量每提高1 g·m^(-2),可使其下部土壤的风蚀量减少6.0 g·m^(-2);从风蚀最严重时间(3—5月)分析,小麦地与裸地的风蚀量相近,说明该区种植春小麦不利于降低土壤风蚀,而混播种植披碱草+苜蓿可显著降低农田风蚀危害,下降幅度可达57%。为了减弱秦王川灌区农田风蚀危害和改善兰州新区生态环境,当地应减少春播小麦的种植面积,大力推广种植多年生牧草(如披碱草+苜蓿)。To explore effects of Triticum aestivum and forage grass（ Elymus nutans ＋ Medicago sativa） plantation on soil wind erosion in Qinwangchuan irrigated region,through measuring the coverage,height and above-ground biomass of the vegetation（ or crop stubble） and the roughness,humidity,soil moisture content and wind erosion of the soil surface,analysis was done of the vegetation for characteristic indices and of the soil erosion under vegetation. Results show that during the whole wind erosion season,the amount of soil loss was big in late autumn and beginning winter,then became very small in winter,and once again became bigger when spring came,the dynamic cured line of erosion liked＂U＂shape. The most severe season of wind erosion was from March to May,and the wind erosion from September to October should not be ignored. The coverage,height and above-ground biomass of mixed sowing grass were significantly higher than that of wheat alone（ P〈0. 05）. The order of roughness,humidity and soil moisture of these treatments were mixed bowing grass landwheat landbare land,while the order of wind erosion was opposite. Correlation analysis indicates that the coefficients between soil erosion and above-ground biomass was the highest（ r =-0. 841）,followed by vegetation coverage（ r =-0. 816）and vegetation height（ r =-0. 726）. Regression analysis demonstrates that for every 1 g·m^（-2） of increase in biomass,the soil erosion decreased by 6. 0 g·m^（-2）. From analysis of the most severe wind erosion period（ March to May）,planting spring wheat couldn＇t prevent soil wind erosion,because the erosion of wheat land was similar to that of bare land,while planting Elymus nutans＋Medicago sativa might significantly reduce wind and soil erosion declining rates up to 57%. Obviously,in order to reduce soil erosion in Qinwangchuan irrigated region and improve the ecological environment of Lanzhou New Area,it was necessary to reduce the planting of spring wheat,and vigorously promote the planting of

关 键 词：秦王川灌区 农田风蚀 牧草 地表粗糙度 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]