基于能值与生命周期评价耦合模型的农业系统生态效率评估——以北京市郊区为例  

Evaluation of agrosystem eco-efficiency using a coupling model of emergy analysis and life cycle assessment:A case study in the suburbs of Beijing City, China

作　　者：王一超[1] 赵桂慎[1] 彭澎[1] 梁龙[1] 李彩恋 WANG Yi-chao;ZHAO Gui-shen;PENG Peng;LIANG Long;LI Cai-lian(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第6期1311-1320,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家社科基金面上项目"京津冀区域生态位异质化作用下农业产业链空间协同效应与发展策略研究(16BGL204)";北京市生态学重点学科项目(XK10019440)~~

摘　　要：结合能值分析和生命周期评价模型,从期望产出效率和非期望产出效率两个角度构建生态效率计量方法,评价京郊3种典型农作物生产系统的可持续性,为北京市农业内部结构优化提供科学的决策依据。研究表明:玉米、蔬菜和桃的能值投入产出比分别是6.61×10~4、1.47×10~5、1.92×10~5sej·J^(-1),玉米的期望产出效率最高,蔬菜其次,桃最低;玉米、蔬菜和桃生产系统的非期望产出效率分别是1.29×10~6、1.60×10~5和2.59×10~5,玉米的非期望产出效率最高,桃其次,蔬菜最低;玉米的生态效率最高,为2.95×10^(-4),蔬菜其次,为7.42×10^(-6),桃最低,为7.05×10^(-6);以蔬菜为例进行敏感性分析表明,投入要素中对生态效率敏感性最大的是电能(用于农田灌溉),氮肥次之,再次是有机堆肥和农药。调整种植业结构不仅要考虑农产品的产量及经济收益,还需要考虑生态效率。有机肥替代化肥能够显著提高农作物生产系统的生态效率,但要注意有机肥中重金属含量对人体健康的影响。总之,发展节水型粮食作物种植、加强农业节水和提高有机肥比例是改善北京市农田生态系统生态效率的重要措施。Eco-efficiency is an important and widely used index for quantitatively measuring economic system sustainability. In the present study, a coupling model was developed by integrating emergy analysis and life cycle assessment, with the goal of assessing expected and undesirable output efficiencies of production systems for three typical crops（maize, vegetables, and peach）in the suburbs of Beijing City. The emergy input-output ratios of maize, vegetables, and peach were 6.61 ×10^4, 1.47×10^5, and 1.92×10^5 sej·J^-1, respectively, and the expected output efficiency per unit production was highest for maize and lowest for peach. The undesirable output efficiency of maize, vegetable, and peach production was 1.29×10^6, 1.60×10^5, and 2.59×10^5, respectively, and the undesirable output efficiency was highest for maize and lowest for vegetables. The indicators of eco-efficiency for maize, vegetable, and peach production were 2.95×10^-4, 7.42×10^-6, and 7.05×10^-6, respectively, and eco-efficiency was highest for maize and lowest for peach. By taking vegetables production system as an example, sensitivity analysis which was conducted to testify the relationship between all kinds of inputs and eco-efficiency, indicated that electricity consumed in irrigation was the first influential factor, followed by nitrogen fertilizer, manure, and pesticide. When regulating planting structure, the e-co-efficiency of production systems should be considered along with other important factors, such as yield and income. Eco-efficiency could be increased by using more manure; however, the heavy metals in organic fertilizer might negatively impact human health. Therefore, strategies like planting water-saving crops, developing water-saving methods, and substituting organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer could remarkably improve the eco-efficiency of farmland ecosystems in the suburbs of Beijing City.

关 键 词：可持续发展 生态效率 能值分析 生命周期评价 农田生态系统 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]