机直播水稻“播喷同步”机械化除草新技术  

A New Mechanical Weed Control Measure by Synchronous Seeding and Spraying Herbicides with Rice Direct Seeding Machine

作　　者：张建萍 唐伟 于晓玥 陆永良 ZHANG Jian-ping;TANG Wei;YU Xiao-yue;LU Yong-liang(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《杂草学报》2018年第1期37-41,共5页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFD0201305-4);科技部重点研发专项(编号:2016YFD0200801);国家水稻产业技术体系资助项目(编号:CARS-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程病虫草害防控技术创新团队项目

摘　　要：为解决直播稻田草害重、防治难的问题,研究水稻机直播"播喷同步"机械化除草新技术。该技术采用自主研发的高压雾化喷雾装置,在直播机播种时同步喷施除草剂,喷雾均匀,雾滴精细,施药后在土壤表面形成一层非常薄的封闭膜,能有效抑制杂草的出芽和生长。结果表明,采用3种型号(ST110-01、ST110-015和ST110-02)喷头在播种时同步喷施120 g/L草酮乳油、10%苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂复配剂,使用剂量分别为360、30 g a.i./hm^2,用水量分别为120、150、195 L/hm^2,对机直播田水稻安全性良好。药后20 d,与未施药对照相比,各处理出苗率均在84.9%及以上。施药48 d后调查发现,其对稗草、阔叶草以及莎草的密度和鲜质量防效达到极优水平(≥95%)。表明采用"播喷同步"机械化除草新技术对机直播稻田杂草防效好,且除草剂持效期在48 d以上。A new weed control technology by synchronous seeding and spraying herbicides with a rice direct seeding machine was studied,to provide adequate control of troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice fields. A high pressure spraying equipment that was designed and developed independently was utilized to apply the herbicide simultaneously at the time seeds were sown; the uniform and fine droplets dropped onto the soil surface and formed a very thin closing layer,the membrane can effectively control the weed germination and growth in the rice fields. The use of any of three types of spraying mozzles,ST110-01,ST110-015 and ST110-02 for the application oxadiazon 120 g/L EC（at360 g a. i./hm^2） or bensulfuron methyl 10% WP（at 30 g a. i./hm^2）,with spraying volumes of 120,150 and195 L/hm^2,respectively,with simultaneous sowing of the crop seeds,was safe to rice directly seeded with the machine. The rice seedling emerged at rates above 85%20 days after treatment compared with the control without herbicide treatment. A survey revealed that the density and fresh-weight based control rate to barnyard grass,broadleaf weed and sedges reached excellent levels（≥95%） at 48 days after treatment. This indicated that weed control in direct seeded rice fields was effectivewhen the new mechanical weed control measure of synchronous seeding and spraying herbicides was used,with a herbicide residuality above 48 days.

关 键 词：水稻机械化生产 除草剂 出苗率 杂草防效 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护] S451