基因型和环境互作在食用菌育种中的潜力和应用  

Exploring Genotype-Environment Interactions for Breeding Edible Mushrooms

作　　者：徐建平[1] 王汉臣 胡殿明[1,3] XU Jianping1,WANG Hanchen1,2,Hu Dianming1,3(1.Department of Biology,McMaster University,Hamilton L8S 4K1,Canada;2.Institute of Applied Microbiology,College of Life Science,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;3.College of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,Chin)

机构地区：[1]加拿大麦克马斯特大学生物系 [2]重庆师范大学生命科学学院应用微生物研究所,重庆401331 [3]江西农业大学生物科学与工程学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2018年第2期1-22,167,共23页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：加拿大国家自然科学与工程研究委员会;中国留学基金委资助~~

摘　　要：与动植物育种目标类似,食用菌育种的目标是利用菌株和种群的天然表型变异来繁育满足人们需求的优良栽培品种。要进行高效的食用菌育种,既需要了解菌株自然的基因型和表型的变异,也需要一套能够结合所需基因和性状的育种方法。笔者简要说明基因型和环境互作(genotype-environment interactions,GEI)是食用菌育种时应考虑的关键因素的理由,并阐述通过改进实验设计来准确评估GEI的方法。以香菇(Lentinula edodes)、金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)和双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)为例,探讨了有效利用GEI不仅可以得到新的基础生物学数据,而且可以培育出食用菌新品种。这些新知识和品种不仅可以满足特定地区的栽培需求,而且可减少食用菌菌株的退化。As for plants and animals,the objectives of edible mushroom breeding programs are to harness natural phenotypic variations among strains and populations in order to breed superior cultivars that satisfy our needs.Effective breeding of edible mushrooms requires and understanding of the natural genotypic and phenotypic variations among strains and a breeding method the can bring the desirable genes and traits together.In this paper,we argue that genotype environment interactions （GEI）should be a key factor for consideration when breeding edible mushrooms.We provide a brief rationale,and demonstrate how experimental designs can be improved to allow accurate estimates of GEI.Using several selected edible mushroom species （Lentinula edodes,Flammulina velutipes,Agaricus bisporus ）as examples,we show how effective use of GEI can generate not only novel data on the fundmental biology of these fungi but also aid the development of new cultivars for commercial production.These deliverables will serve to meet regionspecific cultivation restraints and minimize the adverse impacts of strain degeneration.

关 键 词：生态特异性 地理特异性 种质 分子标记 数量性状位点 菌株退化 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]