营巢树修枝对鹭类繁殖活动的影响  

The Impact of Nest Trees Pruning on the Egrets Breeding Activity

作　　者：沈建新 李如雪 徐芳 张淑霞 Shen Jianxin;Li Ruxue;Xu Fang;Zhang Shuxia(Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671003,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院,云南大理671003

出　　处：《大理大学学报》2018年第6期84-89,共6页Journal of Dali University

基　　金：2015年地方高校国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201510679003)

摘　　要：人类对野生动物的干扰是生物多样性保护中的主要问题,准确识别哪些人类活动对野生动物保护造成威胁尤为关键。鹭类对修枝导致的营巢树结构改变响应尚未有跟踪报道。本研究通过对云南大理古城鹭类营巢树修枝前后的鹭类繁殖活动跟踪调查,对比了原繁殖地和新繁殖地集群鹭类的群落组成、繁殖活动持续时间和巢空间隔离差异,发现新繁殖地增加了单一夜鹭Nycticorax nycticorax繁殖群、混群繁殖鹭类的繁殖活动持续时间延长等特点。对混群繁殖鹭类来说,在巢空间利用上,夜鹭的巢水平、垂直方向和巢距主干的距离等生态位宽度值变大,而最晚到来的牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis的相应值均减小。研究结果表明,原繁殖地营巢树修枝导致的植被结构改变使鹭类更换了繁殖地,在新繁殖地,繁殖鹭类面临着更大的繁殖压力,使其繁殖效率降低。建议对鹭类营巢树的绿化管理需谨慎进行,应避免大幅修枝。Human disturbance on wildlife is frequently mentioned as one of the principal issues of concern in biodiversity conservation, and it is extremely important to identify acccurately what human activities adversely impact the wildlife. Nest trees pruning destroyed the egret breeding sites, and it is unknown how the egrets responded to the destroyed nest trees. A follow-up survey was taken to compare the cmnmunity composition, duration time of breeding activity, and nest space segregation between old and new colony sites in Dali, Yunnan, China. It was found out that a sole black-crown night heron Nycticorax nycticorax population newly occurred; the duration time of breeding activity was prolonged. For the mixed-species colony, the nest niche breadth figures in horizontal, vertical direction and the distance to trunk of black-crown night heron increased, while which of the latest arrived cattle egret Bubulcus ibis decreased. The results showed the egrets in new colony site faced bigger breeding pressure, which made the breeding efficiency decreased. It was suggested that the pruning to the egrets nesting trees should be done cautiously and avoid drastic pruning.

关 键 词：云南 鹭类 繁殖地 生态位宽度 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]