一个新的小麦-中间偃麦草的部分双二倍体及其白粉病与条锈病的抗性鉴定研究  

Characterization of A New Wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium Partial Amphiploid with Resistance to Stripe Rust and Powdery Pildew

作　　者：杨园 聂林曼 付体华[1] YANG Yuan;NIE Lin-man;FU Ti-hua(Agronomy College,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2018年第3期279-285,296,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点项目(14ZA0017)

摘　　要：【目的】对一个新合成的小麦-中间偃麦草的部分双二倍体12-1179的染色体组成进行鉴定,并评价其对条锈及白粉病的抗病能力。【方法】采用GISH和FISH等细胞学技术鉴定12-1179的染色体结构,通过田间接种试验考察其抗病性。【结果】染色体计数表明品系12-1179的染色体数目为54到57,其中绝大多数植株包含56条染色体(78.57%)。在少量染色体数目为54或55的非整倍体12-1179植株中观察到一或两条端着丝粒染色体,包含56条染色体的12-1179植株中54.05%的花粉母细胞在减数分裂中期I能够形成28个二价体。统计分析发现,在2n=56的植株中,每个花粉母细胞平均形成27.26个二价体、1.33个单价体、0.01个三价体以及0.03个四价体。使用拟鹅观草DNA作为探针的GISH分析发现品系12-1179只包含12条中间偃麦草染色体,分别是3对St、2对Js和1对St-Js易位染色体。此外,使用寡核苷酸探针Oligo-p Sc119.2-1和Oligo-p Ta535-1的FISH分析表明12-1179的中间偃麦草第五同源群染色体被一对小麦5D替换。与此同时,在非整倍体12-1179中观察到的端着丝粒染色体都是小麦5DL。通过抗病性研究表明品系12-1179具有高度的抗条锈病与白粉病的特征。【结论】品系12-1179的外源复合染色体组成不仅包括不同的中间偃麦草染色体,而且还包括小麦染色体,不同于已有文献报道的小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体,该品系是一个新的部分双二倍体。该品系在细胞遗传学水平上基本稳定,其抗病基因能够转移到小麦并在小麦育种中应用。【Objective】The chromosome constitution was identified and the resistances to stripe rust and powdery mildew were evaluated for a new wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid,line 12-1179.【Method】Chromosomal constitution of line 12-1179 was detected by GISH and FISH. Resistance of line 12-1179 was screened by field trial.【Result】Cytogenetic investigation showed that the chromosome number of line 12-1179 varied from 54 to 57,and most plants（78.57%） contained 56 chromosomes.One to two additional telo-chromosomes were found in some aneuploid plants of 2 n=54 to 55. The chromosomes in 54.05% pollen mother cells of plants with 2 n =56 formed 28 bivalents,averaging 27.26 bivalents and 1.33 univalents per cell. Trivalents（0.01 per cell） and tetravalents（0.03 per cell） were occasionally observed at meiotic metaphase I. GISH analysis using genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria spicata as probe revealed that line 12-1179 only had 12 Th. intermedium chromosomes,including three pairs of St-,and two pairs of Js-genome chromosomes as well as one St-Js translocated chromosome pair.Subsequently FISH using Oligo-p Sc119.2-1 and Oligo-p Ta535-1 as probes indicated that the fifth group chromosomes of Th. intermedium were absent and replaced by one pair of wheat 5 D chromosomes in line12-1179. All telo-chromosomes observed in the aneuploid plants were 5 DL of wheat. Disease tests demonstrated that line 12-1179 is highly resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew.【Conclusion】These results suggested that the synthetic alien genome in line 12-1179 contained not only different Th. intermedium genomic chromosomes,but also wheat chromosomes. To our knowledge,the new synthetic genome in wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids has not been reported previously. Line 12-1179 was a high degree of cytogenetic stability,which can serve as a source for the transfer of resistance genes into wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 中间偃麦草 部分双二倍体 条锈病 白粉病 

分 类 号：S512.5[农业科学—作物学]