2018年春季全国干旱状况及其成因分析  

Drought Events and Its Causes in Spring of 2018 in China

作　　者：张良[1] 王素萍[1] 张宇[1] 冯建英[1] ZHANG Liang;WANG Suping;ZHANG Yu;FENG Jianying(Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱气象》2018年第3期529-534,共6页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(重大项目)GYHY201506001;国家自然科学面上基金(41375019)共同资助

摘　　要：2018年春季,我国旱情总体较为严重,区域性特征明显。旱区主要位于华南大部、江南南部、西南中部、华北东南部和东北北部地区,除东北旱情较轻外,其余旱区以重到特旱为主。降水严重偏少(多时段仅为同期1~4成)和高温长时间持续(多时段较同期偏高2~4℃)是受旱严重区域的主要特征。东亚季风偏弱和西太副高位置偏南是造成今春干旱的主要原因。3月下旬至5月下旬,东亚夏季风较往年持续偏弱,并与副高位置持续偏南共同作用,使东部和南部海洋上空的水汽春季不利于输送到华南、江南和华北地区,造成干旱持续发展。而西南地区3月受高压系统控制旱情较重,4至5月随降水增多,旱情得到有效缓解,干旱面积呈不断减少趋势。In spring 2018,the serious drought occurred with obvious regional features in China. The drought occurred in south China,the south part of the south of the Yangtze River,the central of southwest China,the southeastern part of north China and the north part of northeast China. These areas were dominated by serious to severe drought except the north part of northeast China with moderate drought. Long-term less precipitation（ 10% to 40% of normal） and high temperature（ above 2 to 4 ℃ more than normal） appeared in drought areas. The weak east Asian summer monsoon and southerly west Pacific subtropical high caused this spring drought. Under the condition of weak east Asian summer monsoon and southerly west Pacific subtropical high,it wasn＇t in favor of the water vapor from eastern and southern sea to transport to south China,the south of the Yangtze River and north China,which resulted in drought occurring and developing. And the drought was serious in southwest China in March 2018 because it was controlled by high systems,and in April and May,drought was released by more precipitation in these regions.

关 键 词：2018年春季 干旱状况 成因 

分 类 号：S166[农业科学—农业气象学]