基于多元统计的长江干流荆州断面水质分析  

Water Quality Analysis of Jingzhou Section in the Main Stream of Yangtze River Based on Multivariate Statistics

作　　者：戴捷[1] 陈丽君[1] 吴先威 王燕[1] 易俊 谢远莎 吴梦霞 

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与化境工程学院,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第13期17-24,共8页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21173026);湖北省自然科学基金重点项目(2013CFA107)

摘　　要：选取了长江干流荆州断面的常规指标对流域2011~2017年观音寺断面、江陵柳口断面、调关断面、五岭子断面和砖瓦厂断面水质变化趋势进行了分析,以期为长江干流水资源保护与可持续利用决策提供科学依据。运用聚类分析对其进行时间和空间上的整体分类,再运用Pearson相关性对各指标进行相关性分析,采用主成分法对流域主要污染源进行定性识别并且对2011~2017年荆州断面水质进行得分计算。结果表明,水质参数pH值、溶解氧含量、高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量均保持在地表水Ⅱ类水质标准以上,氨氮含量、生化需氧量和总磷含量保持地表水Ⅲ类水质标准以上,总氮含量均超过水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)的Ⅲ类水质,呈现富营养化状态;2016年和2017年调关断面以及2011年的五岭子断面污染最为严重,2017年江陵柳口断面、2017年砖瓦厂断面和2011年的调关断面水质相对较好;生化需氧量与硒、汞同源、总氰化物含量与锌、铅同源、砷、铬与化学需氧量同源和总氮与铜、铅同源,说明其化合物可能是影响重金属分布的重要因素,重金属之间也有不同程度的相关性,其分布可能受同样的因素控制(如矿物质)或具有相似的来源。By selecting the general indicators of the Jingzhou Section of the mainstream of the Yangtze River,the water quality changing trend of Guanyinsi Section,Jiangling Liukou Section,Tiaoguan Section,Wulingzi Section and Brick Yard Section from 2011 to 2017 had been analyzed to provide a scientific basis for the decision of water resources protection and sustainable utilization of the Yangtze River main stream.The cluster analysis was applied for the classification of time and space,and then the Pearson correlation was used to correlate the indicators,the principal component analysis was used to qualitatively identify the main polluters in the river steam and score the Jingzhou water quality from2011 to 2017.The results showed that the water quality parameters such as pH value,dissolved oxygen,permanganate index,and chemical oxygen demand were all maintained above ClassⅡ water quality standards for surface water.Ammonia nitrogen,biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus weremaintained above ClassⅢ water quality standards of the surface water,the total nitrogen exceeded the water quality standard(GB3838-2002)of Class Ⅲ water,showing the state of eutrophication;the pollution of the Tiaoguan Section in the period from 2016 to 2017 and Wulingzi in 2011 was the most serious.Jiangling Liukou in 2017 and Brick Yard in 2017 and the Tiaoguan Section in 2011 were relatively good water quality;Bio-chemical oxygen demand was homologous to selenium and mercury,cyanide was homologous to zinc and lead,arsenic and chromium were homologous to chemical oxygen demand,and total nitrogen was homologous to copper and lead.It is suggested that their compounds may be important factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals,and there are different correlations among heavy metals,its distribution may be controlled by the same factors(e.g.minerals)or have similar sources.

关 键 词：水质 多元统计分析 长江干流 荆州 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]