激光雷达遥感科技考古——发现即将消逝的人类活动的遗迹遗存  

LiDAR remote sensing for archaeology: Discover the dying ruins of human activity traces

作　　者：胡庆武[1] 王少华 傅才武[2] 尹开国 HU Qingwu;WANG Shaohua;FU Caiwu;YIN Kaiguo(School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;National Institute of Culture Development,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Haida Cultural Heritage Conservation Science and Technology Research Institute,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学遥感信息工程学院,武汉430079 [2]武汉大学国家文化创新研究中心,武汉430070 [3]湖北海达文化遗产保护科技研究院,武汉430074

出　　处：《自然杂志》2018年第3期191-199,共9页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家科技支持计划项目"荆州大遗址楚文化数字化保护及传播技术集成示范"(2015BAK03B04)资助;国家文物局大遗址保护"十二五"重点项目课题"机载激光遥感与三维可视化技术在楚纪南故城大遗址保护中的应用研究""湖南澧阳平原史前遗址群机载激光考古调查""洛阳邙山陵墓群机载激光考古调查""辽宁医巫闾山遗址群机载激光考古调查""贵州海龙囤土司遗址群机载激光考古调查"等资助

摘　　要：千百年自然力侵蚀以及社会经济发展带来的城市扩张和人为破坏,大量古代人类活动遗存遗迹正以不可逆方式快速消亡。简要介绍了大范围空间遥感科技考古研究现状和发展进程;从激光雷达遥感机理和特点出发,阐述了基于机载激光雷达遥感植被滤波获取近地标微地形,从而发现古代人类活动遗迹遗存的方法和技术;以中国不同区域、不同遗迹类型的考古发现为例,阐明了激光雷达遥感科技考古方法在发现、研究、保护和展示中华文明科学价值方面的应用。Thousands of years of natural erosion, urban expansion and human destruction caused by social and economic development, a large number of ancient human remains are rapidly disappearing in irreversible ways. This paper briefly introduces the present situation and development of remote sensing technology for archaeological discover. An airborne Li DAR remote sensing technology using vegetation filtering to obtain near standard micro topography is presented to discover ancient human relics in China. Different regions and different types of relic archaeological discoveries are taken as examples for the Li DAR remote sensing technology in archaeological discovery, research, protecting and displaying the scientific value of Chinese civilization.

关 键 词：科技考古 遥感 激光雷达 数字地形模型 遗存 遗迹 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TN958.98[历史地理—历史学]