塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地气溶胶不同波段散射系数比较  

Comparison of Aerosol Scattering Coefficients of Different Wavebands in the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：彭艳梅 高磊 王舒[1] 肖高翔 何清[2,3] 刘新春 PENG Yanmei;GAO Lei;WANG Shu;XlAO Gaoxiang;HE Qing;LIU Xinchun(Xinjiang Meteorological Service Center,Urumqi 830002,Chin;Xinjiang Laboratory of Tree Ring Ecology/ Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration,Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Taklimakan Station of Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation and Experiment,Tazhong 831000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆气象服务中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所/新疆树木年轮生态实验室/中国气象局树木年轮理化研究重点开放实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆塔中841000

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2018年第3期26-32,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2016D01A078)资助

摘　　要：利用2010年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站(下文简称"塔中")多波段(450、525、635 nm)积分浊度计和PM_(10)自动监测仪观测资料,并结合塔中地面气象观测资料,分析了沙漠腹地不同波段气溶胶散射系数的变化特征。分析结果显示:(1)塔中气溶胶对635 nm太阳辐射的散射作用最大,其次是525 nm,最小为450 nm。三波段(450、525、635 nm)散射系数平均值分别为:288.0、318.4、443.8 Mm^(-1)。(2)三波段散射系数日变化与PM_(10)质量浓度一致,都呈单峰变化:夜间高、白天低。在日变化中,散射系数始终保持635 nm最大,525 nm次之,450 nm最小。(3)三波段散射系数年变化基本一致,都与PM_(10)变化接近。1—5月中,除3月散射系数是450 nm最大外,另外4个月均是635 nm最大,450 nm次之,525 nm最小。6—12月散射系数都是635 nm最大,525 nm次之,450 nm最小。(4)三波段散射系数均是沙尘暴下最大,扬沙次之,浮尘最小。不同沙尘天气下,塔中气溶胶对635 nm散射作用都是最明显的,对450 nm和525nm散射作用不同:沙尘暴时,对525 nm的散射强于450 nm,在扬沙和浮尘时,对450 nm的散射强于525 nm,尤其在浮尘时。(5)三波段散射系数与PM_(10)质量浓度都呈显著正相关,PM_(10)质量浓度与525 nm散射系数相关程度最大,450 nm次之,635 nm最小。但是季节内相关程度略有差异:春、冬季PM_(10)浓度与450 nm散射系数相关程度最大,525 nm次之,635 nm最小。夏、秋季则是525nm最大。The observation data of multi-band（450 nm、525 nm、635 nm） integrating nephelometer and PM（10） automatic monitor of the Taklamakan Desert Atmosphere Observation Station（referred to as：Tazhong Test Station） during 2010 was used to analyze the change characteristics of aerosol scattering coefficients of different wavebands in Tazhong.The results showed that：（1） Aerosol had the largest scattering effect on 635 nm waveband,then the 525 nm,then the 450 nm,and the average scattering coefficients（from 450 nm to 635 nm） were 288.0 Mm（-1）,318.4 Mm（-1） and 443.8 Mm（-1）,respectively.（2）The diurnal variations of scattering coefficients for three wavebands were in keeping with PM（10）,showing unimodal distribution with larger values during daytime. The scattering coefficients of three wavebands were always following the rule：635 nm〉525 nm 〉450 nm.（3） The annual variations of scattering coefficients for three wave bands were similar with PM（10）. Except March,the scattering coefficients of three wavebands were following the rule：635 nm 〉450 nm〉 525 nm from January to May,while that were following the rule：635 nm〉525 nm〉 450 nm from June to December.（4）The scattering coefficients of three wavebands were following the rule ：sand storm blowing sand floating dust. The aerosol had the most obvious scattering effect on 635 nm in different dust weather,but there were different scattering effects on 450 nm and 525 nm. The scattering coefficient of 525 nm was larger than that of 450 nm in sandstorm,while that of 525 nm was less than 450 nm in blowing sand and floating dust,especially in floating dust.（5） There were positive correlation between scattering coefficients and the mass concentration of PM（10）,and 525 nm had the best correlation,then 450 nm,and then 635 nm as a whole,and there were slightly differences in different seasons,450 nm had the best correlation,then 525 nm,and then 635 nm in Spring and Winter,and 525 nm had the best correlation in Su

关 键 词：散射系数 波段 沙尘气溶胶 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]