基于GF-1光谱数据的青藏地区冰川资源现状遥感调查  

Remote Sensing Survey of Glaciers Based on GF-1 Spectral Data in the Qinghai-Tibet Region

作　　者：安国英[1] 韩磊[2] 黄树春[3,4] 谷延群 支瑞荣[5] 郭兆成[1] 童立强[1] AN Guoying;HAN Lei;HUANG Shuchun;GU Yanqun;ZHI Ruirong;GUO Zhaocheng;TONG Liqiang(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing100083,China;Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey,Chengdu,Sichuan610081,China;China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,Hubei430074,China;Remote Sensing Centre of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan410007,China;Hebei Prospecting Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei050021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [2]四川省地质调查院,四川成都610081 [3]中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉430074 [4]湖南省遥感中心,湖南长沙410007 [5]河北省地矿局水文工程地质勘查院,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《现代地质》2018年第3期584-594,共11页Geoscience

基　　金：中国地质调查局"青藏冰川变化与冰湖溃决灾害遥感综合调查"项目(121201203000160012)

摘　　要：以2014—2015年的GF-1为主、少量OLI影像为基础,参考第二次中国冰川目录等文献资料,修编完成青海省和西藏自治区两省区的现代冰川编目,查明青藏两省区目前共有冰川24 796条,总面积约2.624×10~4km^2,约占青藏两省区区域面积的1.37%,冰川储量为2.027×1~03~2.121×10~3km^3。调查区冰川数量以面积<1.0 km^2、冰川面积介于1.0~10.0 km^2之间的冰川为主,其中面积<1.0 km^2的冰川有19 983条,占总数量的80.59%,面积介于1.0~10.0km^2之间的冰川面积为11 962.40 km^2,占总面积的45.59%;面积最大的中锋冰川的面积达237.37 km^2。调查区内的山系(高原)均有冰川分布,念青唐古拉山冰川数量最多,其次是喜马拉雅山和冈底斯山,这3座山系冰川数量占调查区内冰川总数量的63.33%;念青唐古拉山、喜马拉雅山和昆仑山的冰川面积和冰储量位列前3位,其冰川面积和冰储量分别占总数的68.09%和73.44%;然而昆仑山和羌塘高原的单条冰川的平均面积大于念青唐古拉山和喜马拉雅山的平均面积。从冰川海拔分布来看,海拔5 000~6 500 m之间是冰川集中发育区域,约占调查区冰川数量和冰川总面积的85%以上。调查区的冰川在各流域的分布差异显著,恒河流域是冰川分布数量最多、面积最大的一级外流区,其数量占冰川总量的47%以上,面积占总面积的52%以上;青藏高原内陆流域的冰川数量、面积次之,其冰川数量占总数量的21%,面积占总面积的24%以上,并且内流区单条冰川的平均面积略大于外流区的平均面积。总体上,西藏的冰川数量、面积和冰储量分别占西藏和青海两省区的84.92%、84.92%、86.68%,单条冰川的平均面积两省区相近。Based on remote sensing images,including mainly GF-1 and minor OLI in 2014/2015,the glacier inventory of Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region is completed with reference to the Second ChineseGlacier Inventory and other literatures. The results show that there are currently 24,796 glaciers with a total area of about 2. 624 × 104 km2,covering about 1. 37% of the land area of the surveyed region. The ice volume is estimated to be about 2. 027 × 103 to 2. 121 × 103 km-3. These 24,796 glaciers are dominated by those with sizes below 1. 0 km2（ 19,983 glaciers,80. 59% of the total number of glaciers） or 1. 0 to 10. 0 km2（ 11,962. 40 km2,45. 59% of the total glacial size）. The Zhongfeng Glacier is the largest glacier（ 237. 37 km2）. The glaciers are spatially distributed in nine mountains or plateaus： The Nyainqentanglula Mountains contain the largest number of glaciers,followed by the Himalayas and the Gangdese Mountains,which altogether account for63. 33% of the total glacier number in the region. The sizes and ice volumes of the Nyainqentanglula,Himalayas and Kunlun Mountains rank among the top three,accounting for 68. 09% of the total size and 73. 44% of the total ice volume. The average single glacier size in the Kunlun Mountains and Qiangtang plateau is greater than that in the Nyainqentanglula and the Himalayas. Over 85% of the number or the area of the glaciers is concentrated in the 5,000 m to 6,500 m elevation. Analogously,there is an obvious difference of glacial resources in different drainage basins. On one hand,the Ganges basin is the largest first-level drainage in terms of the number（ 47% of total） or size（ 52% of total） of glaciers. On the other hand,the number（ 21% of total） and size（ 24% of total） of glaciers in the inner basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are smaller than those of the Ganges,and the average single glacier size in the inner stream is slightly larger than the average of the outflow basin. In general,the Tibetan glacial resources（ in terms of num

关 键 词：冰川资源 冰川分布 遥感 冰川编目 青藏地区 

分 类 号：P627[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] P642.5[天文地球—地质学]