石灰氮与氮肥不同配比对连作花生病害及产量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Calcium Cyanamide and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Disease and Yield of Continuous Cropping Peanut

作　　者：冯昊[1] 孙强[2] 赵品绩 孙秀山[1] 王才斌[1] 于天一[1] Feng Hao;Sun Qiang;Sun Xiushan;Wang Caibin;Yu Tianyi(Shandong Peanut Researeh Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;Huangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Qingdao 266555,3.Laixi Agricultural Technique Popularizing Station,Laixi 266600,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]黄岛出入境检验检疫局,山东青岛266555 [3]莱西市农业技术推广站,山东莱西266600

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第6期140-144,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金博士基金项目(ZR2017BC035);国家自然科学基金项目(31701376);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04)

摘　　要：大田条件下,研究了石灰氮与普通氮肥不同配比对连作花生出苗率、茎腐病发生、主要农艺性状及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)本试验用量范围内,低、中量(225 kg/hm2和450 kg/hm2)石灰氮处理的花生出苗率略高于高用量(675 kg/hm2)处理,但处理间差异未达显著水平。(2)随石灰氮用量增加,花生茎腐病病情指数降低,防效提高,低、中、高3个用量平均病情指数分别比对照降低8.4、12.7、15.5个百分点,平均防效分别达24.7%、37.3%和45.4%。(3)石灰氮与氮肥配施对叶龄数、主茎高、侧枝长等农艺性状有一定促进作用,但只有部分达到显著水平。(4)荚果产量随石灰氮用量的增加而增加,低、中、高3个用量分别增产9.6%、11.8%和13.6%;普通氮肥增产率远低于石灰氮;所有处理中以石灰氮和普通氮肥高量组合(675 kg/hm2+90 kg/hm2)增产效果最好,高达15.2%。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of calcium cy-anamide and nitrogen fertilizer on emergence rate,stem rot,main agronomic characters,yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut.The results were as follows.①The emergence rate of low and medium application rate of calcium cyanamide were a little more than those of high application rate treatment.But no significant difference was found among all treatments.②The disease index of stem rot decreased and the control effect raised with the increase of calcium cyanamide application rate.Compared to control,the average disease index of calcium cyanamide treatments with low,medium and high rate decreased by 8.4,12.7 and 15.5 percent points,and the average control effect reached 24.7%,37.3% and 45.4%.③Combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer had certain promotion effects on some agronomic characters,including leaf age,main stem height,branch length and so on.But significant differences were found only among some treatments.④Pod yield increased with the increase of calcium cyanamide rate,which increased by 9.5%, 11.8% and 13.6%under low,medium and high calcium cyanamide application rate compared to control,re-spectively.The yield increasing rate of normal nitrogen fertilizer was far below that of calcium cyanamide.The yield-increasing effect of combined applying calcium cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer at high rate was the best as 15.2%.

关 键 词：花生 石灰氮 连作 茎腐病 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学]