论运动训练的科学化与竞技训练实践的几个关键问题(中)——传统“大周期”训练分期生物逻辑基础初步分析  

On Several Key Issues in Scientization of Sports Training and Current Chinese Athletic Training Practice——A Primary Analysis of Biological Basis of Traditional "Periodization" Theory

作　　者：李捷 裘晟 王晓军 李端英 李稚 LI Jie;QIL Sheng;WANG Xiaojun;LI Ruiying;LI Zhi(Guangdong Sports Bureau,Guangzhou Guangdong 510108;Guangdong Institute of sports science,Guangzhou Guang-dong 510100;HuangCun sports training center of Guangdong Sports Bureau,Guangzhou Guangdong 5106633)

机构地区：[1]广东省体育局科教宣传与交流处,广东广州510108 [2]广东省体育科学研究所,广东广州510663 [3]广东省体育局黄村体育训练中心,广东广州510663

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2018年第3期19-24,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家体育总局体育综合攻关项目"运动员运动训练过程中自组织适应状态控制的技术途径与方法"(07130)

摘　　要：从现代生理学、系统生物学等角度,结合多年来对竞技训练与训练监控的实践研究,本文对传统"大周期"训练的生物理论基础,如"一般适应综合征(General Adaptive Syndrome,GAS)""痕迹效应""超量恢复"等问题进行了初步的讨论。结果提示:通过"GAS""痕迹效应"产生"超量恢复"的认识,以及对训练"总负荷"效应的强调,完全模糊了专项目标"定态"结构形成的"质与量"控制关系,而将负荷推入"警觉-抵抗"进而产生"超量补偿"适应的思维,容易造成"大运动量"观念的主观扩大化与营养恢复方法的极端化,造成竞技训练实践中竞技目标状态的不稳定与过负荷积累所致伤病。此外,无论"GAS"还是"超量负荷",均缺乏可操作的训练量化控制指标,导致了实际训练控制的复杂化。现代运动训练必须依据现代生命科学研究成果,向系统训练认识转换发展。From the perspectives of modern physiology and system biology,combined with many years of practical research on competitive training and training monitoring,this paper discussed issues on the biological training theory of traditional ＂ periodization＂ such as ＂ General Adaptive Syndrome（ GAS） ＂, ＂ Trace Effect＂, ＂ Excessive Recovery＂. The results suggest that： ＂ Excessive Recovery＂ awareness by ＂ GAS＂ and ＂ Trace Effect＂,and emphasis on ＂ total training load＂ completely obscure the relationship between ＂ quality and quantity＂ formed by the ＂ fixed state＂ structure of the special target,putting the load into the ＂ vigilance-resistance＂ and then leading to the thinking of ＂ overcompensation＂,which easily leads to the enlargement of the concept ＂ large amount of exercise＂ and the extreme nutrition recovery method. In the competitive training practice,both the state of the target instability caused by humans and injuries caused by the accumulation of overload,regardless of the concept of ＂ GAS＂ or ＂ Excessive Load＂,lack operational training quantitative control indicators,resulting in the complexity of the actual training control. The paper puts forward that modern sports training must be based on the results of modern life science research,and it is necessary to transform to the awareness of systematic training.

关 键 词：分期训练生物原理 一般适应综合征 超量恢复 倒计时 周期 皮质醇 

分 类 号：G808.12[文化科学—体育训练]