不同灌溉量下氮肥施用时期对甜菜光合物质生产及产量的补偿作用  

The Compensatory Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Period on the Photosynthetic Substances Production and Yield of Sugar Beet under Different Irrigation Amounts

作　　者：董心久[1] 杨洪泽[1] 周建朝[2] 高卫时[1] 张立明[1] 李思忠 石洪亮 刘军[1] DONG Xin-jiu;YANG Hong-ze;ZHOU Jian-chao;GAO Wei-shi;ZHANG Li-ming;LI Si-zhong;SHI Hong-liang;LIU Jun(Researeh Institute of Industrial Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Scienees,Urumqi 830091,China;Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2018年第4期635-646,共12页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项资金(CARS-17);新疆农业科学科院青年基金项目(xjnkq-2015016)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同灌溉定额下氮肥施用时期对甜菜生理指标、灌溉水生产率、氮肥农学利用率及氮肥偏生产力的影响,为甜菜水肥高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,主区为2个灌溉定额,副区为5个氮肥施用时期(纯N总量一致120 kg/hm^2)。【结果】同一氮肥施用时期,随着灌溉量的减少甜菜Pn、Er、茎叶干重、根干重、总干重、单根重、产量、产糖量(除N4处理)及氮肥偏生产力均呈下降趋势,甜菜含糖率、产量增产率、灌溉水生产力及氮肥农学利用效率均有提高;同一灌溉量,随着氮肥施用时期的后移各项测定指标先增后减,N4处理补偿指数最优,灌溉定额4 650比5 850 m^3/hm^2甜菜各项指标补偿指数提高-1.6%~27.5%。【结论】在北疆甜菜产区合理的水氮管理模式为:灌溉定额4 650 m^3/hm^2,氮肥基施1/2,7月中旬追施1/2。【Objective】The purpose of this project is to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application period on sugar beet net photosynthetic rate（ Pn）,transpiration rate（ Er）,dry matter accumulation,yield and quality,irrigation water use efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity under different irrigation amount in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for the efficient use of water and fertilizer of sugar beet in arid area.【Method】The design of split plot experiment was adopted in the test. Two irrigation quotas were used in the main area and five nitrogen application periods were used in the deputy area. The total amount of pure nitrogen was the same as 120 kg/hm2.【Result】Under the same nitrogen fertilizer application period treatment,with the decrease of irrigation amount,the Pn,the Er,the stem and leaf dry weight,the root dry weight,the total dry weight,the root weight,the yield and sugar yield（ except N4 treatment） and nitrogen partial factor productivity were decreased,the sugar content,the yield increase rate,the irrigation water use efficiency and the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency were improved in sugar beet. Under the same irrigation amount treatment,with the postponing of nitrogen fertilizer application period,the above indexes increased first and then decreased,and the optimal compensation index was N4 treatment. Compared with 5,850 m3/hm2 irrigation quota,the compensation index for peak value of each index of beet under 4,650 m3/hm2 irrigation quota was increased by-1. 6%-27. 5%.【Conclusion】The reasonable water and nitrogen management mode in the sugarbeet production area of Northern Xinjiang was as follows： irrigation quota 4650 m3/hm2,nitrogen fertilizer base application 1 or 2 times in mid-July.

关 键 词：甜菜 灌溉量 氮肥施用时期 光合物质生产 产量 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]