盐度骤变和渐变对南极大磷虾生存状况和蜕壳的影响  

Effects of abrupt and gradual changes in salinity on survival status and molting of Euphausia superba

作　　者：赵国庆 邱盛尧[1] 黄洪亮[2] 李灵智[2] 屈泰春[2] ZHAO Guo-qing;QIU Sheng-yao;HUANG Hong-liang;LI ling-zhi;QU Tai-chun(Ocean College,Yantai University,Yantai Shandong 264005,China;Key and Open laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries of Ministry Agriculture,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学海洋学院,山东烟台264005 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2018年第3期360-367,共8页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(14391901100); 农业部南极海洋生物资源开发与利用项目(D-8003-09-0158)

摘　　要：为探讨南极大磷虾(Euphausia superb Dana)对盐度的适应性,设置盐度骤变和渐变两组实验。骤变实验以34±0.4为基础盐度,活体磷虾直接转入14±0.4、18±0.4、22±0.4、26±0.4、30±0.4、34±0.4、38±0.4、42±0.4、46±0.4、50±0.4和54±0.4盐度水体中;渐变实验盐度从34±0.4开始,以4·d-1的日变幅逐渐升至54和降至14,观察记录并分析不同处理下南极大磷虾的生存状态和蜕壳状况。实验结果表明:在骤变实验中,盐度对南极大磷虾死亡率的影响具有显著作用(P<0.05);蜕壳现象只出现在骤变盐度26~42范围时,且以盐度值为38时达到最大值,为88%。在渐变实验中,盐度对南极大磷虾的存活率的影响具有显著作用(P<0.05);南极大磷虾存活的适宜盐度为30~42;以34±0.4为基础盐度,盐度在特定范围内升高时,会增强南极大磷虾的蜕壳率,而随着盐度的下降,蜕壳率会逐渐降低。It is necessary to know the effects of salinity on Antarctic krill under the situation that the global and the Antarctic ice and snow would melt. The survival rate and molting rate of Antarctic krill（ Euphausia superba） under abrupt and gradual changes in salinities were determined to evaluate the tolerance of Antarctic krill to salinity. The abrupt changes in salinity meant that the salinity changed to 14 ± 0. 4,18 ± 0. 4,22 ±0. 4,26 ± 0. 4,30 ± 0. 4,34 ± 0. 4,38 ± 0. 4,42 ± 0. 4,46 ± 0. 4,50 ± 0. 4 and 54 ± 0. 4 from 34 ± 0. 4,respectively. The gradual changes in salinity meant that the salinity was raised and reduced 4 every day for five days from 34. The survived Antarctic krill were put into the seawater with salinity of 34,then the survival status were observed after 24 hours. We observed 3 hours once,and then 12 hours once after 24 hours. In2016-2017,active Antarctic krill（ Euphausia superba） that survived were collected immediately in the capture by a pelagic trawl made by Japan with the factory trawler ＂Longtong＂near Shetland Island,with the towing speed 3-4 knots,towing time 20 minutes. There was no feeding food for Antarctic krill,and we kept the temperature in the range of 0. 5-1. 5 ℃. The results showed that,in the treatments of abrupt changes,the influence of salinity on the Antarctic krill mortality was significant; the survival of krill was 0 when the salinity changed from 34 to lower than 22 and to 54,the survival rate of krill was 0 after 24 hours,however,when the salinity changed from 30 to 42,no krill was found dead. After 14 days,the remaining alive krill＇s mortality was very low,and the mortality rate fell by 20% only when the salinity was 26. The molting phenomenon appeared in the salinity from 26 to 42,and the molting rate reached the maximum 88% when the salinity was 38; the molting rate declined when the salinity decreased from 34,while up to 38,the molting rate rose,then it declined when the salinity continued to rise. In the treatments of gradual changes,in

关 键 词：南极大磷虾 盐度 生存状况 蜕壳 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖]