浙江省洞头海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果评估  

Stocking effectiveness of hatchery-released Portunus trituberculatus in the Dongtou sea area of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：徐开达[1] 周永东[1] 朱文斌[1] 蒋日进[1] 王洋[1] 李鹏飞[1] 周珊珊[1] 张亚洲[1] 张洪亮[1] 胡翠林[1] XU Kaida;ZHOU Yongdong;ZHU Wenbin;JIANG Rijin;WANG Yang;LI Pengfei;ZHOU Shanshan;ZHANG Yazhou;ZHANG Hongliang;HU Cuilin(Marine Fishery Research Institute of Zhejiang Province/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产研究所/农业部重点渔场渔业资源科学观测实验站/浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2018年第3期373-380,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20130347);浙江省科技厅项目(2015F50005;2016F30018;2017C32031);农业部渔政管理资金项目(农财发[2017]36号;浙海渔计[2017]99号)

摘　　要：为有效恢复洞头海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)资源,2014年采取增殖放流的生态修复措施,人工增殖放流三疣梭子蟹苗种1 894×10~4尾,并在放流前后实施渔业资源调查和社会调查;利用调查数据,分析放流前后洞头海域三疣梭子蟹资源密度和空间分布变化,并引入内禀增长率来表征自然群体在放流前后的种群扩繁能力,由此推算放流后放流群体所占比例;同时,根据三疣梭子蟹的体长频率分布情况,采用世代分析法估算当年补充群体所占比例,进而推算回捕率和放流经济效益,定量评估增殖放流效果。结果表明:洞头海域放流前后三疣梭子蟹资源密度分别为163和7 974尾/km^2,放流后呈现向周边海域扩散的趋势;三疣梭子蟹当年补充群体占总渔获的61.3%,放流群体占24.2%,放流回捕率为3.30%,当年可形成捕捞量39.6 t,回捕经济效益达158.4×10~4元。综上所述,增殖放流措施在一定程度上起到了修复洞头海域三疣梭子蟹资源、促进渔民增产增收的效果。本研究认为,该海域三疣梭子蟹尚有一定的增殖空间,建议可继续开展该品种的增殖放流,以有效利用该海域的基础生产力,提高渔业捕捞产量。To effectively restore swimming crab（Portunus trituberculatus）resources in the Dongtou sea area of Zhejiang Province,we released a total of 1 894×10～4juvenile swimming crabs in 2014,and conducted a fishery resource investigation and social survey before and after releasing.According to the data,the changes of resource density and spatial distribution of swimming crabs in the Dongtou sea area were analyzed,and the reproduction capacity of the natural group was assessed using intrinsic rate of increase before and after releasing;therefrom the proportion of releasing group was calculated.Meanwhile,on the basis of body size distribution,the percentage of0 aged group of swimming crabs was calculated by virtual population analysis,and the recapture rate and economic benefits were estimated to assess releasing effect quantitatively.The results showed that the resource densities were 163 and 7 974 individuals/km～2before and after releasing,respectively,showing a trend of spread to surrounding sea areas after releasing.The 0 aged group of swimming crabs and releasing population represented61.3%and 24.2%of the total catch,respectively,and the recapture rate of releasing population was 3.30%.It was estimated to contribute fishery catch yield of 39.6 t and economic benefit of 158.4×10^4Chinese yuan.In summary,stock enhancement can restore swimming crab resources to some extent and increase production and revenue.This study suggests that in the near future,it is proper to carry out stock enhancement of swimming crab in the Dongtou sea area to effectively utilize its marine resources and increase fishery productivity.

关 键 词：三疣梭子蟹 洞头海域 回捕率 放流效果 评估 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]