新入侵害虫海枣异胸潜甲幼虫的龄数划分及在银海枣树上的垂直分布  

Division of larval instars and its vertical distribution on the Phoenix sylvestris trees of Javeta pallida Baly 1858,a new invasive pest

作　　者：金涛[1] 林玉英[1] 马光昌[1] 温海波[1] 金启安[1] 彭正强[1] JIN Tao;LIN Yu-Ying;MA Guang-Chang;WEN Hai-Bo;JIN Qi-An;PENG Zheng-Qiang(Environment and Plant Protection Institute of China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agricultm~ of China,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,农业部热带农林有害生物入侵监测与控制重点开放实验室,海口571101

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2018年第3期695-701,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1201200); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2018hzs1J006); 中国热带农业科学院院创新团队项目(1630042017012)

摘　　要：海枣异胸潜甲是一种新入侵并爆发成灾的为害刺葵属植物的害虫,了解幼虫的龄数及其在树上的垂直分布,是进一步研究其发生趋势、生物学习性、预测预报以及制定综合防治技术的基础。本研究采取了田间取样收集野外海枣异胸潜甲各龄幼虫,分别测量了该幼虫的前胸背板宽度和头壳宽度2个形态指标,根据所测量的频次分布图、Dyar定律、Crosby生长法则以及线性回归的方法进行分析,发现以头壳宽度作为标准,幼虫龄期数分为5个龄数是较为合理的。1-5龄幼虫头壳宽度(mm)分别为0.407±0.004、0.503±0.003、0.582±0.002、0.725±0.002和0.847±0.001,头壳宽度和幼虫龄数的线性回归方程均符合指数模型Y=0.344×exp(0.181×X)和多项式模型Y=0.34+0.061×X+0.008×X^2。并以此指标对底部、中部和顶部的为害幼虫数进行了统计,发现幼虫密度分别在2.096头/叶、1.678头/叶和1.068头/叶,表明了该幼虫在银海枣多分布于树的底部和中部。Javeta pallida Baly 1858（Coleoptera： Cassidinae）,is a new invasive pest which outbreaks on phoenix species plants in south China recently. The larval instar numbers and its vertical distribution on the tree should be investigated before further studying on occurrence trend,biology and integrated management program. In this study,larval samples of various instars were collected from the field. Their prothoracic plate width and head capsule width were measured. According to frequency histograms,Dyar＇s law,Crosby law of growth and linear regression,the head capsule width provided the best division of instars,and showed it has 5 instars. The average width of head capsule from 1 stto 5 thwere 0. 407 ±0. 004 mm,0. 503 ± 0. 003 mm,0. 582 ± 0. 002 mm,0. 725 ± 0. 002 mm and 0. 847 ± 0. 001 mm,respectively. The equations of exponential model and polynomial model of the head capsule width against the instar numbers was Y = 0. 344 × exp（0. 181 × X） and Y = 0. 34 ＋ 0. 061 × X ＋ 0. 008 × X^2,respectively. The different instars of Javeta pallida larvae on the trees at lower,medium,and top position were counted as well,and their density was 2. 096,1. 678,and 1. 068 individuals on each leaf. The results indicated that most of Javeta pallida larvae were distributed at lower and medium position on the Phoenix sylvestris trees.

关 键 词：海枣异胸潜甲 幼虫龄数 Dyar定律 垂直分布 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S433.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]