不同职业收入家庭的灾后生活恢复过程研究  

Post-earthquake Household Recovery of Different Occupations in Rural China

作　　者：刘天雪[1,2] 王瑛 祝瑛琦[1,2] 隋琦 LIU Tianxue;WANG Ying;ZHU Yingqi;SUI Qi(Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875

出　　处：《灾害学》2018年第3期7-11,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项项目课题(2016YFA0602403);国家自然科学基金项目(41271544)

摘　　要：基于汶川地震后6年900户受灾家庭的生活恢复情况,分析了农业劳动者、农村管理者、零工、个体工商户、本地农民工、外地农民工、市政扶助户共7类不同职业收入家庭的灾后恢复过程,发现职业通过其背后蕴含的经济、社会、人力、物质四大资本,影响着不同职业收入家庭的灾后恢复。恢复过程中,每类家庭因拥有的资本优势不同,恢复的快慢在不同阶段会有所变化。农村管理者因其特有的社会资本,在整个恢复过程中更有优势;其次是人力、经济资本都较强的本地农民工;再次为零工、个体工商户。农业劳动者由于经济资本较弱,外地农民工由于人力资本较弱,恢复率均偏低。重损程度的市政扶助户由于政府的有力救助,恢复情况靠前。Based on life recovery filed survey data （about 900 affected households） from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake after 6 years, we analyze the domestic life recovery process of 7 different occupations households in rural areas, namely famer, rural manager, day worker, individual business, local worker, migrant worker, municipal assistance households. The results showed that occupation played an important role in the domestic life recovery process of rural households through four types of capital closely related to job, such as economic capital, social capital, human capital and material capital. During the recovery process, the recovery velocity and cumulative recovery rate differed with occupations and recovery phases because of different career advantages which resulted from different capital advantages. Thus, with special and strong social capital, it was much more dominant for rural managers than other occupations households in the recovery process. Local workers, followed by rural managers, got back to pre-earthquake life level very quickly because of their ample human capital and economic capital. And day workers and individual businesses ranked behind local workers according to the sorted order. However, due to weak economic capital, famers recovery velocity and cumulative recovery rate were comparatively small, which were the same as those of migrant workers because of weak human capital of migrant workers. Furthermore, municipal assistance households affected serious damage restored well and had a rank as a result of relying on strong government aid.

关 键 词：职业 农村家庭 震后生活恢复 恢复曲线 

分 类 号：D632.5[政治法律—政治学] X43[政治法律—中外政治制度]