地下滴灌条件下不同接种处理对苜蓿根瘤菌的定殖、结瘤和固氮的影响  

Effects of Different Inoculation Treatments on Colonization,Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency of Rhizobium in Alfalfa Field under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

作　　者：热比姑丽.热合曼 郭海玉[1] 李卫军[2] 罗明[1,3] 皇甫彩娟 韩剑 RABIGULI · Rahman;GUO Hai-yu;LI Wei-jun;LUO Ming;HUANG Fu-cai-juan;HAN Jian(Agricultural College of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Autonomous Region Universities Forestry I Iarmful Biological Monitoring and Safety Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;College of Pratacultural Science and Environmental,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆自治区高校农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草地学报》2018年第2期479-487,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2016D03014);国家自然科学基金(31660159);国家现代农业产业技术体系"牧草现代产业技术体系"(CARS35)资助

摘　　要：在苜蓿地下滴灌田间小区试验条件下,研究不同处理接种绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)标记的苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)XGL026菌株在苜蓿根际的定殖、结瘤动态和固氮性能。结果表明:拌种接菌(B)在第1茬苜蓿根际根瘤菌的定殖密度、结瘤数和占瘤率最高,第2、3茬苜蓿则明显降低。第1茬苜蓿刈割后滴施1次根瘤菌(D),拌种结合第1茬刈割后滴施1次根瘤菌(B+D1),拌种结合第1、2茬刈割后滴施2次根瘤菌(B+D2),拌种结合第1茬刈割后滴施1次根瘤菌并增施1次氮肥(B+D1+N1),拌种结合第1、2茬刈割后滴施2次根瘤菌并增施2次氮肥(B+D2+N2)处理,根瘤菌的定殖水平持续稳定,显著高于B处理。B+D1、B+D2、B+D1+N1和B+D2+N2处理均能显著增加苜蓿结瘤数,提高占瘤率(P<0.05),其中B+D1+N1和B+D2+N2接种效果最优。地下滴灌模式有利于苜蓿侧根形成根瘤。采用15 N天然丰度法测定不同接种处理的固氮效率,结果显示,接种处理在苜蓿一年生长期中的固氮率和固氮量分别为54.52%~76.80%和43.00~183.39kg·hm^(-2),较未接种对照提高3.35%~40.41%和13.56~83.86kg·hm^(-2)。B处理在第1茬苜蓿的固氮效率最突出,之后明显下降。B+D1+N1、B+D2+N2处理分别在第2、第3茬苜蓿上具有最高的固氮效率。研究结果表明,滴灌条件下拌种结合滴施根瘤菌同时加施少量氮肥可以显著提高根瘤菌的定殖、结瘤和固氮性能。To understand the colonization and nodulation dynamics,nitrogen fixation properties of Sinorhizobium meliloti XGL026 marked with green fluorescent protein gene（GFP）,plot experiments were conducted by different inoculation treatments in alfalfa field under subsurface drip irrigation.The results showed that the colonization density,nodule numbers,and nodulation rate reached to the highest in the alfalfa root before first cut by using the seed soaking inoculation with rhizobia（Treatment B）,then were significantly reduced in the second and third cuts.The colonization densities from treatments D（drip inoculation with the rhizobia once after first cut）,B＋D1（seeds soaking and drip inoculations once after first cut）,B＋D2（seeds soaking and drip inoculations twice after first and second cuts respectively）,B＋D1＋N1（seeds soaking and drip inoculations once after first cut plus N fertilizer once）,and B＋D2＋N2（（seeds soaking and drip inoculations twice after first and second cuts plus N fertilizer twice respectively）were notonly significantly higher than that of Treatment B,but also remaining stable throughout the growth period.The nodule numbers,and nodulation rates from the treatments B＋D1,B＋D2,B＋D1＋N1,and B＋D2＋N2 were all significantly（P〈0.05）increased,in which B＋D1＋N1 and B＋D2＋N2 were the optimal.Subsurface drip irrigation could promote the nodulation on lateral roots of alfalfa.The nitrogen fixation efficiency of different inoculation treatments with rhizobia was determined by 15 N natural abundance method.The results showed that,inoculation with rhizobia in alfalfa field with subsurface drip irrigation,the rate of nitrogen fixation and the amount of nitrogen fixation reached 54.52%~76.80% and 43.00~183.39 kg·hm^（-2） respectively,which were increased by 3.35%~40.41% and 13.56~83.86 kg·hm^（-2） compared with that of the control.Nitrogen fixation efficiency of first cut in Treatment B reached the maximal then strongly decreased afterwards.However,the

关 键 词：地下滴灌 苜蓿中华根瘤菌 定殖 固氮效率 15 N天然丰度法 

分 类 号：Q945.13[生物学—植物学]