超深栽对沙地白榆苗木地上部生长及根系发育的影响  

Effects of extra-deep-planting on shoot growth and root development of Ulmus pumila L.seedlings in sandy soils

作　　者：刘春鹏[1] 李向军[1] 安萍[2] 徐振华[1] 刘泽勇[1] 马长明[3] LIU Chun-peng;LI Xiang-jun;AN Ping;XU Zhen-hua;LIU Ze-yong;MA Chang-ming(Hebei Engineering Research Center for Trees Varieties,Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Arid Land Research Center of Tottori University,Tottori 680-0001,Japan;Agricultural University of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,Jebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省林业科学研究院,河北省林木良种工程技术研究中心,石家庄050061 [2]日本鸟取大学干旱地研究中心,日本鸟取680-0001 [3]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第8期2293-2299,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：河北省省级财政林业科技推广示范资金推广项目(201603192)、河北省引进国外智力项目(院1516523)和国家林业局948项目(2011-4-56)资助.

摘　　要：为了探讨超深栽苗木在沙地造林后的地上部生长及根系发育,本研究以白榆(Ulmus pumila)2年生苗木为对象,于永定河下游沙地采用深根苗和普通苗进行超深栽和常规栽(即深根苗超深栽1 m、普通苗超深栽1 m、普通苗常规栽0.3 m,以下分别简称为深超、普超、普常),在栽植后第2年,调查各处理土壤含水量以及苗木地上部生长和根系发育情况。结果表明:(1)整个生长季节,与浅层土壤(0~40 cm)相比,深层土壤(60 cm以下)的含水量保持相对稳定且水平较高。(2)造林后各处理苗木生长差异显著,其优劣顺序为深超>普超>普常。(3)造林后苗木总根系生长差异显著,表现为深超优于普超和普常。(4)各处理的总根系与细根根系在不同土层中的分布规律一致,但各处理之间的分布规律不同,表现为:深超主要集中于0~20 cm土层;普超主要集中于0~20 cm与80 cm以下土层;而普常在80 cm以下土层中未发现有根系分布。综上所述,深根苗超深栽造林后生长情况显著优于普通苗超深栽和普通苗常规栽,其根系发育特性与土壤水分分布规律相契合,更有利于充分吸收土壤水分。鉴于普通苗超深栽同样具有较合理的根系分布且运输成本低廉,因此二者均可用于干旱沙地造林。Two-year-old seedlings of Ulmus pumilaL. were planted in sandy soils in the downstream region of Yongding River, to study their shoot growth and root development after extra-deep-planting. Long root and commonroot seedlings were planted at 1 m depth of soil （designated as LD and CD, respectively）, and commonroot seedlings were conventionally planted at 0.3 m depth of soil as control （CC）. In the second year after planting, soil water contents were mea-sured from surface to 1 m depth at 0.2 m intervals. Shoot and root growth parameters were mea sured at the end of the experiment. Results showed that： （1） Soil water contents in deep layer （below 60 cm） were relatively stable and generally higher than the shallow layer （0-40 cm） throughout the growing season. （2） Shoot growth was significantly different among the treatments, with LD being the best and followed by CD and CC. （3） Root development was generally better in LD treatment than the other two treatments. （4） The distribution of roots were different among treatments, whereas whole root and fine roots at different soil layers exhibited similar distribution in each treatment. Roots were intensively developed in 0-0.2 m for the LD, in 0-0.2 and below 0.8 m for the CD, and in 0-0.4 m for the CC. No roots were found below 0.8 m in CC treatment. The growth of LD seedlings was better than CD and CC ones. Root distribution pattern of LD corresponded with the water distribution in different soil layers, which may be contributed to the water absorption of seedlings. Therefore, we recommend long-root seedlings with extra deepplanting for afforestation in arid sandy lands. Considering the low cost of transportation and appropriate root distribution, commonroot seedlings can also be recommended for afforestation.

关 键 词：超深栽 根系 沙地造林 白榆 深根苗 

分 类 号：S792.19[农业科学—林木遗传育种]