秸秆还田模式对东北春玉米根系分布和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of straw incorporation modes on root distribution and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northeast China

作　　者：张文可[1] 苏思慧 隋鹏祥 田平[1] 梅楠[1] 王沣[1] 王美佳 张姣[1] 齐华[1] HANG Wen-ke;SU Si-hui;SUI Peng-xiang;TIAN Ping;MEI Nan;WANG Feng;WANG Mei-jia;ZHANG Jiao;QI Hua(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第8期2300-2308,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300103;2017YFD0300703;2016YFD0300801;2017YFD0201805);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503116)资助

摘　　要：为探究东北春玉米区不同秸秆行间还田模式的可行性,在辽宁省铁岭县以全层旋耕还田(T1S0)和全层翻耕还田(T2S0)大田试验为对照,对比研究行间旋耕(T1S1)、隔行行间旋耕(T1S2)、行间翻耕(T2S1)和隔行行间翻耕(T2S2)4种秸秆还田模式对土壤含水量、根系分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:T2S1和T2S2可打破犁底层,降低土壤容重,提高了土壤蓄水能力;T2S1和T2S2增加根系总量的同时,提高了根系在深层土壤中的分配比例;T2S1和T2S2根长密度集中区深度较T1S0分别增加46.54%和49.87%,较T2S0分别增加37.50%和40.70%;T2S1和T2S2显著增加了叶面积指数,延缓叶片衰老,提高了玉米干物质积累量;T2S1和T2S2干物质重和叶面积指数与T2S2无显著性差异,两者均值较T1S0分别增加了25.02%和21.93%。T2S1和T2S2叶片保护酶活性最高,MDA含量最低;在枯水年T2S1和T2S2较T1S0分别增产3.80%和4.05%,在丰水年各处理产量无显著性差异;两年中,T2S1水分利用效率均为最高,T2S2次之,分别较T1S0增加了16.28%和12.77%;在本试验条件下,认为T2S2更宜推广。To investigate the practicability of straw strip incorporation mode in Northeast China, six straw incorporation modes were arranged in Tieling County, Liaoning Province. Compared to wholelayer rotary tillage （T1S0） and wholelayer plowing tillage （T2S0）, the four strawincorporation modes of interrow rotary tillage （T1S1）, intervalrow rotary tillage （T1S2）, interrow plowing tillage （T2S1） and intervalrow plowing tillage （T2S2） had significant effects on soil water content, root distribution, maize yield and water use efficiency. The plow pan profiles were broken under T2S1 and T2S2, which decreased soil bulk density and improved soil water storage capacity. Total root biomass was increased under T2S1 and T2S2, with enhanced proportions of deep roots in soil profiles. Compared to T1S0, the depths of root length density concentrated area were increased by 46.54% and 49.87% for T2S1 and T2S2, respectively. Compared to T2S0, the depths of root length density concentrated area were increased by 37.50% and 40.70%, respectively. Leaf area index was significantly increased under T2S1 and T2S2, which could delay leaf senescence and improve dry matter accumulation. There was no significant difference in dry matter weight and leaf area index among T2S1, T2S2 and T2S0, but the mean value of T2S1 and T2S2 increased by 25.02% and 21.93% respectively compared with T1S0. T2S1 and T2S2 resulted in the highest leaf protective enzyme activity and the lowest MDA content. In dry-year, yields of T2S1 and T2S2 were increased by 3.80% and 4.05% respectively compared to T1S0. In wet-year, yields had no significant differences among these treatments. For both years, T2S1 had the highest water use efficiency and followed by T2S2. They had 16.28% and 12.77% higher water use efficiency respectively compared to T1S0. Therefore, mode T2S2 is worth for more popularizing.

关 键 词：秸秆还田模式 土壤水分 根系分布 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]