狭叶香蒲分解体系对镉污染水体修复的影响  

Effects of Typha angustifolia decomposition system on the remediation of cadmium polluted freshwater

作　　者：杜京京[1,2] 周垠霏 张玉燕 郭瑞林[1] 李柯 DU Jing-jing;ZHOU Yin-fei;ZHANG Yu-yan;GUO Rui-lin;LI Ke(School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业学院材料与化学工程学院,郑州450001 [2]环境污染治理与生态修复河南省协同创新中心,郑州450001

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2018年第8期2490-2496,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500377);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(15A180063)资助

摘　　要：选用狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia)凋落叶及其微生物分解者为修复材料,探索水生植物与微生物对重金属镉离子的联合修复作用。以水生浮游动物隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)为受试对象,研究了不同浓度Cd^(2+)(0.1、1.0、10μg·L-1)对其生存、生长和繁殖的影响。选择其中0.1μg·L-1作为Cd^(2+)污染浓度,分别将自然驯化以及Cd^(2+)驯化15天和21天的蒲叶放于含Cd^(2+)(0.1μg·L-1)的培养基中,测定隆线溞体长、第一次怀卵日、后代个数、繁殖率以及驯化后微生物分解者的群落组成。结果表明:Cd^(2+)添加显著降低了隆线溞的存活率,其中10μg·L-1Cd^(2+)的毒害作用最强,隆线溞的存活率仅有40%;自然驯化和加镉驯化的蒲叶能够显著改善Cd^(2+)干扰下隆线溞的个体生长与群体繁殖状况,且修复效果会随着驯化时间的延长而提高。个体的第一次生产时间提前1~2天,总产幼数提高22%~81%,群体繁殖率提高3.07~4.7倍,从而使食物链得到快速修复。真菌多样性分析表明,Dactylaria和Massarina在真菌分解者中占据优势地位,推测该属真菌具有修复Cd^(2+)污染的生态功能。We investigated the remediation effects of Typha angustifolia litter and its microbial decomposers on Cd^2＋ induced pollution. The impacts of Cd^2＋ with different concentrations （0.1, 1.0, 10 μg L^-1） on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia carinata were examined firstly and then 0.1 μg L^-1 of Cd^2＋ was used as the test concentration. The growth and reproduction of D. carinata were monitored after the addition of naturally incubated litter and Cd^2＋ incubated litter for 15 and 21 days. The results showed that the survival rate of D. carinata significantly decreased in the presence of Cd^2＋. The highest concentration of Cd^2＋ （10 μg L^-1） showed the strongest toxic effect, with the survival rate of D. carinata being only 40%. The growth and reproduction rates of D. carinatawere significantly improved under both naturally and Cd^2＋ incubated litter. For the reproduction parameters of D. carinata, the time for the first brood was shortened by 1-2 days, the number of offspring was increased by 22%-81%, and the reproduction rate was increased 3.07-4.7 times. Such a result indicated that T. angustifolia litter with microbial decomposers could quickly restore the food chain under Cd^2＋ pollution. Dactylaria and Massarina were the dominant species among the decomposers of T. angustifolia litter, which could perform the remediation effect on cadmium pollution in the aquatic ecosystems.

关 键 词：狭叶香蒲 水生真菌 镉污染 隆线溞 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]