洋总工程师负责制与近代航道疏浚业  

Foreign Engineer-in-Chief Employment Mechanism and Dredging Industry in Modern China

作　　者：伊巍[1] 龙登高[1] 王苗 YI Wei;LONG Deng-gao;WANG Miao(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社科学院经济所,北京100084

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期82-89,共8页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

摘　　要：清末,海河工程局和浚浦工程局相继在津沪两地诞生,主要负责两大港口的航道疏浚和维护,成为中国近代疏浚业的发端。两局均实行总工程司(师)负责制,其聘用的流程和规定形成严格的制度,提名筛选,不任人唯亲,这是明显区别于当时很多洋务企业的特征。其聘用机制、工作权威性与独立性,反映了两局机构性质和运营特点。通过引进外国技术和聘用外国专家,广泛而全面地接触和引进当时世界上最先进的疏浚技术和装备,采用西方经营管理模式,并加以本土化适应和改造,推动了中国疏浚事业的高起点发展;并培养了专业技术和管理人才,进而为中国现代水运建设事业奠定了基础。In the late Qing Dynasty,Hai-ho Conservancy Board（1897）and Whangpoo Conservancy Board（1905）were established in Tianjin and Shanghai.They were mainly responsible for dredging projects and maintenance of the channel of Hai-ho and Huangpu River.This has become the origin of modern dredging industry in China.Both organizations adopted engineer-in-chief mechanism,which was strict in employment procedures and regulations.The nomination screening was excluded from nepotism,which was a characteristic from many other international industries at that time.Its employment mechanism,work authority,and independence reflected the institutional nature and operational characteristics of both organizations.By introducing foreign technology and hiring management talents,these organizations have contacted and introduced the world＇s most advanced dredging technology and equipment at the time.And they adopted and transformed them locally,which formed a high starting point for China dredging.At the same time,they cultivated early professional technologies and talents,which laid the foundation for China＇s modern waterway construction and dredging industry.

关 键 词：洋总工程师 航道疏浚 技术引进 国际化 运营管理 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济]