水稻秸秆在土壤-水体系中的腐解性能  

Decomposition property of rice straw in soil solution

作　　者：欧阳家风 刘峙嵘[1] 邹翔[1] OUYANG Jia-feng;LIU Zhi-rong;ZOU Xiang(College of Chemical,Biological and Material Science,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学化学生物与材料科学学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2018年第3期546-551,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11375043);江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人资助项目(20172BCB22020)

摘　　要：以水稻秸秆为代表性秸秆,探索水稻秸秆在不同条件下的腐解规律。采用尼龙袋法处理秸秆样品,研究在不同腐解时间、腐解温度、水土比和腐秆剂用量下秸秆的腐解特征,及其腐解过程中养分的释放规律。结果表明,秸秆样品腐解前3 d腐解速率非常快,腐解9 d后速率由快速变为平缓,在腐解第15 d时腐解率达到24.9%。腐解温度、水土比、腐秆剂用量的增加均能促进秸秆腐解,但不呈正相关性,超过最优值则会下降,最佳腐解条件为腐解温度为30℃,水土比为3∶1(质量比),腐秆剂用量为0.5 g。最优条件下碳、氮、磷、钾的累积释放率均总体表现为前6 d释放迅速,之后变缓并趋于稳定,不同营养元素的累积释放率按从大到小顺序依次为钾>磷>氮≈碳。通过一级动力学方程拟合得到碳、氮、磷、钾的降解半衰期分别为16.120 d、16.120 d、15.753 d、5.415 d。The rice straw was studied to illuminate the law of decomposition under different conditions. The decomposition characteristics of rice straw under different time,temperature,water-soil ratio and straw-decomposing inoculant content were investigated by adapting the nylon bag method,and nutrient release characteristics were also studied in the process of decay. The decomposition rate of straw in the first three days was very fast. After nine days,the decomposition rate changed from rapid to flat and reached 24.9% on the 15 th day of decomposition. The increase of temperature,watersoil ratio and straw-decomposing inoculant content all promoted the decomposition of straw,but it was not positively correlated. It would decrease if the optimal value was exceeded. The optimum decomposition conditions were as follows： the temperature was 30 ℃,soil-water ratio was 3 ∶ 1,and the straw-decomposing inoculant content was 0. 5 g. Under the optimum condition,the cumulative release rates of C,N,P and K were rapid in the first six days,then became slower and stabilized,followed by K P N≈C. The half-lives of C,N,P and K acquired by first order kinetics equation were 16. 120 d,16. 120 d,15. 753 d and 5. 415 d,respectively.

关 键 词：水稻秸秆 腐解 尼龙袋法 腐解率 养分释放率 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X712[农业科学—农业基础科学]