尾矿库水位变化下的溃坝试验研究  

Experimental study on dam break under water level variation in reservoir

作　　者：王光进[1] 唐永俊 杜超 孔祥云[2] WANG Guang-jin;TANG Yong-jun;DU Chao;KONG Xiang-yun(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;China Southwest Geotechnical Investigation ＆ Design Institute CO.,LTD.,Chengdu 610052,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学建筑工程学院,云南昆明650500 [3]中国建筑西南勘察设计研究院有限公司,四川成都610052

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2018年第4期67-73,共7页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804600);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41602307);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51234004);国家安全监督管理总局重点项目(yunnan-001-2016AQ);云南铜业集团校企基金项目(2015YT05);中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M613006);昆明理工大学实验室建设与管理研究项目(SYYJ23)

摘　　要：使用自行设计的尾矿库溃坝模拟实验装置,开展了在库水位变动下的尾矿库漫顶溃坝实验,观测了尾矿库的漫顶溃坝过程和溃口的形态发展过程,并对坝体的溃决模式进行了探讨。研究结果表明：在库内水位的上升过程中,坝体下沉密实,坝体自重增加,降低了尾矿砂的强度和尾矿坝的稳定性。在溃坝过程中,溃口的发展主要包括由水流冲刷引起的连续下切加深和溃口边坡失稳坍塌形成的横向展宽。在库内水流漫顶前,坝体因浸润线过高而出现尾砂渗流现象,并且局部出现失稳垮塌,形成溯源冲刷型破坏模式。库内水流漫顶后,水流漫过坝顶不断冲刷坝体而导致坝体溃决,类似于溢流冲刷型破坏模式。研究成果可以为我们对尾矿库溃坝提供更多的认识。Based on tailings dam break simulation experimental device,the processes of the tailings dam break,breach processes,and the dam break model were studied. Results show that during water level rising in the reservoir,the whole dam body appeared a sinking trend. When the tailings were saturated,the weight of the dam body increased,and the saturation effect of the tailings sand is eliminated after the tailings were saturated,which reduced the strength of the tailings and the stability of the tailings dam. At different moments of failure,the development of the breach was different. During the process of the dam break,the width and depth of the breach showed a linear relationship,the process of breach development is mainly composed of continuous longitudinal cut caused by water erosion and intermittent lateral extension caused by breach slope instability and collapse. Before water overflow,tailings seepage occurred on the outer slope of the tailings dam due to excessive infiltration line,and local collapse occurred,which show a headcut failure mode. After water overflow,the water flow over the dam crest and continue to erode the dam body,and leading to the dam failure finally. The results of the study could provide more understand on tailings dam break.

关 键 词：尾矿库 漫顶溃坝 溃口形态 溃坝模式 

分 类 号：TV139[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]