考虑叶片偏航和干扰效应的大型风力机塔架气动性能研究  

Study on Aerodynamic Performances of Large Wind Turbine Towers Considering Yaw and Blade Interferences

作　　者：王晓海 柯世堂[1] WANG Xiaohai;KE Shitang(Department of Civil Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学土木工程系

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2018年第15期4546-4554,共9页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973项目)(2014CB 046200);国家自然科学基金项目(51761165022,U1733129)~~

摘　　要：叶片偏航和干扰效应会显著影响大型风力机下游塔架的气动性能。以某5MW风力机塔架–叶片体系为研究对象,采用大涡模拟方法进行了最不利叶片位置下考虑6个偏航角（0°、5°、10°、20°、30°和45°）影响的风力机塔架流场和气动力模拟,并与规范及国内外实测结果进行对比验证大涡模拟的有效性。在此基础上,对比分析不同偏航角对风力机塔架不同干扰区段表面平均风压、脉动风压、升力系数、阻力系数、绕流和尾迹特性的影响。对比发现：随着偏航角度的增大,塔架显著干扰区段最大负压和极值负压先减小后增大,层阻力系数逐渐增大,而塔架未干扰区段最大负压、极值负压和层阻力系数均未呈现明显变化,随着塔架显著干扰区段高度的增加,不同偏航角下层阻力系数均呈现先减小后增大的趋势。综合表明,0°偏航角下塔架气动性能最为不利,随着偏航角的增大,塔架绕流和尾迹影响逐渐减弱,当偏航角达到45°时,塔架气动力与未受叶片偏航和干扰时较为接近。研究结论可为偏航状态下大型风力机塔架设计风荷载取值提供一些科学依据。The aerodynamic performances of large wind turbine towers are significantly affected by blade interference and yaw condition. Taking the 5 MW wind turbine as the example, the flow field and aerodynamic forces of the wind turbine tower considering six yaw angles（0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 45 degrees） were simulated by large eddy simulation method, and the numerical simulation results were compared with standard curves to verify the validity of the numerical method. On this basis, the average wind pressure, pulsating wind pressure, lift coefficient, drag coefficient and flow of the wind turbine tower under different yaw angles were systematically analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the yaw angle, the maximum negative pressure and the extreme negative pressure of the disturbed section decreased first and then increased, the layer resistance coefficient increased gradually, the maximum negative pressure, extreme negative pressure and layer resistance coefficient of the undisturbed section had no obvious changes. With the increase of height of the disturbed section, the layer resistance coefficient decreased first and then increased under different yaw angles. Comprehensive analysis show that the aerodynamic performance of the tower was the most unfavorable at 0 degrees yaw angle, with the increase of the yaw angle, the influence of the flow and wake around the tower was weakened, when the yaw angle was 45 degrees, the aerodynamic force of the tower was close to that when it was not disturbed. The research conclusions can provide scientific basis for the wind load design of large wind turbine tower under the condition of yaw.

关 键 词：风力机 大涡模拟 偏航效应 干扰效应 气动性能 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]