氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Transport of Nitrogen and Yield and Quality of Grain in Strong-gluten Wheat

作　　者：代新俊 夏清[1] 杨珍平[1] 高志强[1] DAI Xinjun, XIA Qing, YANG Zhenping, GAO Zhiqiang(College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 03080)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第3期289-294,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B04-2);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120);山西省回国留学人员重点科研资助项目(2015-重点4);山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041)

摘　　要：为探索强筋小麦施用氮肥的合理基追比模式,在山西中部麦区水地小麦田,研究了氮肥基施、拔节期追施和孕穗期追施的不同比例(10∶0∶0,7∶3∶0,7∶2∶1,6∶4∶0,6∶2∶2,5∶5∶0,5∶3∶2)对强筋小麦CA0547氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响。结果表明:(1)适当追氮对强筋小麦CA0547氮素与干物质积累转运及产量品质有显著的调节效应。(2)追氮能显著提高小麦拔节期后的含氮量,提高花前氮素转运量和花后氮素积累量,促进氮素向籽粒中的累积,同时增加花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量,为产量提高提供了物质基础。(3)籽粒氮素中约有68.38%~75.18%是来自花前氮素转运,籽粒产量中约有55.12%~70.04%是来自花后干物质积累。追氮通过显著增加穗数和穗粒数来提高产量,并提高氮素吸收效率和氮素生产效率。(4)追氮可提高籽粒醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、总蛋白质和湿面筋含量,提高面筋指数和淀粉含量,改善谷醇比和直/支比,进而改善籽粒品质。相关分析亦表明,提高干物质花后积累量与花前氮素转运量可以改善小麦品质。(5)拔节期和孕穗期2次施氮效果不如拔节期1次追施。综合分析得出,在本试验条件下,施氮量150kg/hm^2时,基肥、拔节肥、孕穗肥比例为6∶4∶0能较好的协调产量品质之间的关系。In order to explore the reasonable ratio of topdressing gluten wheat with nitrogen fertilizer,the effect of basal nitrogen application rate,dressing rate at jointing stage and booting stage（10∶0∶0,7∶3∶0,7∶2∶1,6∶4∶0,6∶2∶2,5∶5∶0 and 5∶3∶2）on the N accumulate and transfer and grain yield and quality of CA0547（strong gluten wheat）were studied in the irrigated wheat field in central of Shanxi Province.The results showed：（1）Appropriate dressing N had a significant regulatory effect on accumulation and translocation of N and dry matter,yield and quality of CA0547.（2）Dressing nitrogen could significantly increase nitrogen content after jointing stage,N transfer amount pre-anthesis and N accumulation amount post-anthesis,promote accumulation of N in grain,increase dry matter transport pre-anthesis and dry matter accumulation post-anthesis,which provided a material basis for the increase of yield.（3）About 68.38%～75.18% of N in the grains came from nitrogen translocation pre-anthesis,and 55.12% ～70.04% of yield came from dry matter accumulation post-anthesis.Dressing nitrogen increased yield by increasing the number of ears and per spike,and increased N absorption and production efficiency.（4）Dressing nitrogen could improve the contents of gliadin,gluten,protein and wet-gluten,improve the gluten index and starch content,improve glutenin/gliadin ratio and straight/branch ratio,and improve grain quality.Correlation analysis also showed that increase dry matter accumulation post-anthesis and pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount of vegetative organs could improve quality.（5）The effect of N application at jointing and booting stage was inferior to N application at jointing stage.Comprehensive analysis showed that N amountof 150 kg/hm^2,at nitrogen ratio of 6∶4∶0（base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶boosting fertilizer）could better coordinate the relationship between yield and quality.

关 键 词：氮肥后移 氮素转运 干物质积累 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]