黄河尾闾河段和河口区沉积物中重金属污染及潜在生态毒性风险评价  

Assessment of Pollution and Potential Ecotoxicity Risk for Heavy Metals in Sediments in the Tail Reach and Estuary of the Yellow River

作　　者：黎静 孙志高[1,2,3] 孙万龙[4] 田莉萍[1,2,3] 陈冰冰[1,2,3] LI Jing;SUN Zhigao;SUN Wanlong;TIAN Liping;CHEN Bingbing(Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,P.R.China;Institute of Geography,Fufian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,P.R.China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,P.R.China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Belting 100084,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350007 [2]福建师范大学地理研究所,福建福州350007 [3]福建师范大学福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室,福建福州350007 [4]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《湿地科学》2018年第3期407-416,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371104和41171424);福建省“闽江学者奖励计划”项目资助

摘　　要：于2012年10月8~9日,在黄河尾闾河段和河口区,采集表层（0-10 cm深度）沉积物样品,测定样品中的Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量,分析了尾闾河段和河口区沉积物中重金属含量的分布特征;采用富集系数法（EF）、沉积物质量基准系数法（SQG-Q）和毒性单位总和（∑TUs）,评估6种重金属的生态毒性风险。研究结果表明,尾闾河段表层沉积物中的Cr、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cu和Cd平均含量依次为56.13 mg/kg、32.80 mg/kg、14.68 mg/kg、10.77mg/kg、8.14 mg/kg和0.57 mg/kg,河口区表层沉积物中的Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cu和Cd平均含量依次为53.95 mg/kg、48.88 mg/kg、21.81 mg/kg、16.37 mg/kg、14.62 mg/kg和0.37 mg/kg。尾闾河段和河口区表层沉积物中Cd的平均富集系数值分别为6.042和3.843,说明尾闾河段和河口区受人为污染的影响比较明显;尾闾河段表层沉积物中Cu含量与粉粒含量显著正相关（n=17,p〈0.01）,河口区沉积物中Cu含量（n=8,p〈0.01）和Zn（n=8,p〈0.05）与粉粒含量显著相关;尾闾河段表层沉积物中重金属来源主要为机械制造、化工企业排放和化肥使用,河口区表层沉积物中重金属主要源于石油开采、船舶航运和硫化物;尾闾河段表层沉积物中Cu、Zn和Pb以及河口区表层沉积物中Zn和Pb的毒性效应很少发生,尾闾河段表层沉积物中Cr、Cd和Ni以及河口区沉积物中Cd、Ni、Cr和Cu的毒性效应会偶尔发生,说明尾闾河段和河口区表层沉积物中重金属生态毒性风险较低;河口区表层沉积物中Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb含量高于尾闾河段表层沉积物。尽管河口区表层沉积物中Cd的生态毒性风险不高,但富集明显,因此,未来应重点加强河口区表层沉积物中Cd的生态毒性风险防范。Based on the analysis of the contents of heavy metals（Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd） in the surface sediments sampled on October 8-9, 2012, the distributions of heavy metals in the sediments of the tail reach and estuary were studied. The risk of ecological toxicity of the heavy metals was assessed by enrichment factor method（EF）, sediment quality guideline quotient（SQG-Q） and the sum of toxic units（ ∑ TUs）. The results showed that the average contents of Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd were 56.13 mg/kg, 32.80 mg/kg, 14.68 mg/kg,10.77 mg/kg, 8.14 mg/kg, 0.57 mg/kg in sediments of tail-reaches and the average contents of Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb,Cu and Cd were 53.95 mg/kg, 48.88 mg/kg, 21.81 mg/kg, 16.37 mg/kg, 14.62 mg/kg, 0.37 mg/kg in the sediments of the estuary, respectively. The enrichment factor values for Cd in the sediments of tail-reaches and estuary were 6.042 and 3.843, respectively, indicating that the influences of anthropogenic pollution were obvious. Significantly positive correlations occurred between Cu and silt in the tail-reaches（n=25, p〈0.01）, whereas significantly positive correlations were observed between Cu（or Zn） and silt in the estuary（n=25, p〈0.01 or p〈0.05）. Heavy metals in the surface sediments of tail-reaches were mainly derived from machinery manufacturing, discharge of chemical enterprises and the use of fertilizers, while those in estuary were mainly derrived from oil exploitation, shipping and sulfide. The toxic effects of Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of tailreaches, and Zn and Pb in the sediments of estuary seldom occurred, while the toxic effects of Cr, Cd and Ni in the sediments of tail-reaches, and Cd, Ni, Cr and Cu in the sediments of estuary occurred occasionally, indicating that both the potential toxic risks of 6 kinds of metals in the sediments of tail-reaches and estuary were lower. The contents of Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of estuary were much higher than those in tailreaches. Although the ecological toxicity risk of Cd in the sediments of estuary

关 键 词：重金属 生态毒性风险 尾闾河段 黄河口 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]