论我国《信托法》对信托有效要件规定之完善——以英美信托法信托有效设立的“三个确定性”要件为借鉴  

On the Perfection of the Requirements for the Effectiveness of Trust in Trust Law of China——By Drawing Lessons from the Requirement of "Three Certainties" in the Effective Creation of Trust in the Anglo-American Trust Law

作　　者：陈雪萍[1] Chen Xueping

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《政治与法律》2018年第8期134-149,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"老龄化背景下养老金信托法律制度研究"(项目编号:14BFX120);中央高校基金"信托服务养老的国际经验与中国路径研究"(项目编号:CST17001)之阶段性成果;养老金融50人论坛之成果之一

摘　　要：信托有效设立除了须满足行为能力要件、设立方式要件、形式要件及合法性或公共政策等要件外,还须满足设立信托意图的确定性、标的确定性、受益人确定性要件,这"三个确定性"要件对信托的有效与无效以及法律关系的定性具有重要的作用。我国《信托法》缺失对设立信托意图的确定性要件的规范,其对信托标的确定性和对象的确定性要件虽有原则性规定,却没有对这两项要件的判断规则。我国信托法应增设信托意图的确定性要件,并借鉴英美信托法的经验,构建设立信托意图的确定性、标的确定性、受益人确定性的"三个确定"要件的相应认定规则,以便实现其规范效应,保障委托人的意图得以实现,从而维护信托各方当事人的合法权益。The effective creation of trusts has to meet the requirements of capacity, the method of establishment, forms, legality or public policy, etc. Meanwhile, it has to meet the requirements of certainties, i.e. the certainty of intent of trust, certainty of subject matter and the certainty of the beneficiary, which are important for determining the validity and invalidity of trusts and the nature of legal relationship. In the Trust Law of China, there is no provision on the certainty of the intent of trust, and although there are principled provisions on the certainty of the subject matter and the certainty of the beneficiary, there is no judgement rules on such two requirements. We should add the requirement of the certainties into the Trust Law of China and draw lessons from the Anglo-American Trust Law to establish corresponding rules for determining the three certainties, i.e. the certainty of the intent of trust, the certainty of subject matter and the certainty of beneficiary, so as to realize the regulating effect of the trust law, protect the realization of the principal and then maintain legitimate rights and interests of concerned parties of the trust.

关 键 词：信托 受益人 委托人 受托人 确定性要件 

分 类 号：DF438.2[政治法律—经济法学]