‘巨峰’葡萄花穗整形方式研究  

A study on the floral cluster pruning of the ‘Kyoho' grape

作　　者：程大伟[1] 陈锦永[1] 鲁会冉 顾红[1] 张威远[1] 张洋[1] 郭西智 祁帅 李正阳 CHENG Dawei;CHEN Jinyong;LU Huiran;GU Hong;ZHANG Weiyuan;ZHANG Yang;GUO Xizhi;QI Shuai;LI Zhengyang(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth,Development and Quality Control,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所/中国农业科学院果树生长发育与品质控制重点开放实验室,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第7期880-888,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南省科技攻关(172102110255);河南省大宗水果产业体系(S2014-11);郑州市水果(葡萄;草莓等)产业体系

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同花穗整形方式对‘巨峰’葡萄果实性状和工作效率的影响,评价筛选‘巨峰’葡萄理想的整穗方式。【方法】在见花前2~3 d至见花后2~3 d分别对‘巨峰’葡萄进行留穗尖4、5、6、7、8、9 cm及剪短小分枝、去上去下留中间和去主穗留副穗的整穗处理。分析果实的生长指标、品质指标和工作效率,并对指标进行主成分综合评价,筛选最佳整穗方式。【结果】不同的花穗整形方式在品质及工作效率等指标上存在一定差异。综合评价结果为去主穗留副穗>留穗尖5 cm>留穗尖4 cm>留穗尖6 cm>留穗尖8 cm>留穗尖7 cm>留穗尖9 cm>去上去下留中间>剪短小分枝。结合生产实际,确定留穗尖5 cm的综合评价效果最好。【结论】留穗尖5 cm的花穗整形方式是‘巨峰’葡萄省工、提质的最佳整穗方式。【Objective】Floral cluster pruning is an important technique in improving grape fruit quality,including improving berry-setting, exterior quality and so on, and it is imperative to establish and improve this technique in the grape industrialization process.‘Kyoho＇grapes have one of the largest planting areas in China, but its production is facing some difficulties, and one of them is the problem of panicle shaping. Improperly pruning floral clusters can cause predictable losses in‘yoho＇grape production,including panicle type heterogeneity, packing inconvenience, uneven coloring, poor resistance and so on. It is imperative to screen, evaluate and compare panicle shaping methods with the fruit quality to determine their effectiveness.【Methods】In order to identify the desired panicle mode, this paper primarily analyzed the influence on the fruit quality of the‘Kyoho＇grape and its operational effectiveness with different panicle shaping methods, which included the following scenarios： leaving spikelet tips 4 cm（A）, 5 cm（B）, 6 cm（C）, 7 cm（D）, 8 cm（E） or 9 cm（F）, shorting branch（G）, retaining middle ear（H） and the remaining secondary ear of the cluster only（I）. By measuring and analyzing the growth,quality and effectiveness indexes of these modes, 9 indexes, including bunch mass, berry mass, berry number,branch density,souble solids content,total acid,tannin content,CIRG and operational efficiency were analyzed using the principal components analytic method.【Results】The results showed that the leaving spikelet tip 4 cm can satisfy the production requirements, when the panicle mass was 410.6 g. And the leaving spikelet tip 5 cm had the biggest berry mass, followed by the leaving spikelet tip 6 cm, while the remaining secondary ear of the cluster was only shown to be contrary. The berry-settingpercentage increased with the spikelet tip length and the difficulty of fruit thinning, and the leaving spikelet tips 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm and the remaining secondary ear of

关 键 词：'巨峰’葡萄 花穗整形 品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]