单独决策和统一决策情况下允许有残次品和缺货的供应链模型  

Decentralized and centralized supply chain models with imperfect products and backorders

作　　者：邱少英 李小申[1] QIU Shaoying;LI Xiaoshen(School of Mathematics and Statistics,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学数学与统计学院,洛阳471023

出　　处：《黑龙江大学自然科学学报》2018年第3期364-372,共9页Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11471102)

摘　　要：构建一个由单个制造商和单个零售商构成的供应链模型,该制造商生产的产品有一定比例的残次品,零售商在销售过程中允许一定量的缺货。假设市场需求对产品的零售价格是敏感的,则可以对供应链中各成员的运作和产品定价作出决策。应用更新报酬定理,获得制造商和零售商的平均利润函数,证明在单独决策和统一决策下的利润函数为凹函数,得到单独决策和统一决策下的最优方案和最大利润,对影响决策的重要参数进行灵敏度分析。结果表明:合作提高了供应链的总体利润,减少了次品率,对制造商更加有益;统一决策的供应链倾向于通过降低次品率来增加总利润。A supply chain model consisting of a retailer and a manufacturer is developed. The manufacturer produces products with a proportion of defectives,the retailer sells products allowing a shortage,and the market demand is sensitive to the retail price. The operations and decisions of the members in the supply chain are studied. The expected profit per unit of time is derived by using the well-known renewalreward theorem. It is proven that all of the profit functions are concave,furthermore the optimal policies and the maximum profits are obtained. The effect of important parameters is given by using the decisions and the profits. The results show that cooperation raises the overall expected profit of the supply chain,reducing defective rate is more beneficial for manufacturer,and centralized supply chain tends to reduce defective rate to increase the total profit.

关 键 词：供应链 决策 产品定价 允许缺货 

分 类 号：F253.4[经济管理—国民经济]